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Flashcards by hannah.harrison2, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by hannah.harrison2
over 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Griffit and Guay (1969) | Participants were evaluated on a creative task by an experimenter and then asked to rate how much they liked the experimenter. This rating was highest when the experimenter had positively evaluated (i.e rewarded) the participants performance on the task. |
| Aron et al (2005) | Found that participants who measured very high on a self-report questionnaire of romantic love also showed strong activity in particular areas of the brain, including the ventral tegmental area. Early-stage, intense romantic love was associated with elevated levels of activity in subcortical reward regions of the brain, rich in the neurotransmitter dopamine. |
| Caspi and Herbener (1990) | Found that married couples with similar personalities tend to be happier than couples with less similar personalities. |
| Simpson et al (1990) | Asked participants to rate members of the opposite sex in terms of attractiveness; those participants who were already involved in a relationship gave lower ratings. |
| DeMaris (2007) | Investigated whether marital inequity is associated with later marital disruption. Using 1500 couples as part of the US national survey of families and households, he found that the only subjective index of inequity associated with disruption is women's sense of being under-benefited, with greater under-benefit raising the risk of divorce. |
| Boekhout et al (1999) | Showed how such affiars mnight be a direct reaction to the perceived lack of skills and/or stimulation in the current relationship. They asked undergraduates to rate various sexual and emotional reasons for men and women to be unfaithful in a commited relationship. Participants judged that sexual reasons for infidelity woulkd be more likely to be used by men, whereas emotional reasons for infidelity would be more likely to be used by women. |
| Rohlfing (1995) | One study found that 70% of students sampled had experienced at least one long distance relationship and 90% said they had experienced one long distance friendship. |
| Tashiro and Frazier (2003) | Surveyed undergraduates who had recently broken up with a romantic partner. They typically reported that they had not only experienced emotional distress, but also personal growth. These studies reported that breaking up with their partner had given them new insights into themselves and a clearer idea about future prospects. |
| Buss (1989) | Buss explored what males and females looked for in a marriage partner. The study involved over 10,000 people from 37 different cultures. Women more than men desired mates who were good financial prospects. Men placed more importance on physical attractiveness. Research has shown that physical attractiveness provides cues to health and fertility. Men universally wanted mates who were younger than them- an indication that men valued increased fertility in potential mates. Both sexes wanted mates who were intelligent, kind and dependable (linked to willingness to help a mate in times of trouble). |
| Clarke and Hatfield (1989) | Men and women experimenters approached total strangers on a college campus, and asked them three questions. 1) Would you go on a date with me? 2) Would you go back to my apartment with me? 3) Would you have sex with me? of the females that were approached 50% agreed to go on a date, 6% said they would go back to their apartment and 0% said they would have sex with them. Of the males that were approached 50% would go on a date, 69% were willing to go back to her apartment and 75% agreed to have sex. This study provides evidence that men have evolved psychological mechanisms to ensure success in short term mating. |
| Geher et al (2007) | Studied 91 non-parent undergraduates, Each completed a parental investment perception scale, which included statements, such as 'I believe that I am very prepared to raise a child at this time in my life,'. They were additionally exposed to various parenting related scenarios, such as: 'You are the parent of a three year old girl who has an ear infection, Your plans for the day have completely changed, as you now have to look after her'. Although there were no differences in the questions on the perception scale, there were significant differences when they were presented with the scenarios. Males showed significantly increased heart rate when presented with scenarios that emphasized the costs of parenting. They concluded that males are biologically less prepared than females to confront issues associated with parenting. |
| Simpson et al (2007) | Conducted a longitudinal study, spanning more than 25 years, 78 participants were studied at four key points in their life - infancy, early childhood, adolescence and adulthood. Caregivers reported on their children's attachment behaviour at one year of age. Children who were socially competent at ages 6-8 were found to be closer to their friends at age 16, Finally, those who were closer to their friends as 16 year olds were more expressive and emotionally attached to their romantic partners in early adulthood. |
| Xiaohe and Whyte (1990) | A study of women in Chengdu, China, found that women who had married for love felt better about their marriages than women who had experienced arranged marriages. |
| Jankowiak and Fischer (1992) | Searched for evidence of romantic love in a sample of non-Western tribal societies. They found clear evidence of romantic love in 90% of the 166 cultures studied. |
| Seepersad et al (2008) | Suggested that young adults in Western cultures such as the UK and US would experience a greater degree of loneliness because of a high desire for romantic relationships compared to young adults from non-Western cultures, such as China or Korea. Seepersad's study revealed that in a sample of 227 US and Korean students, US students reported significantly higher levels of romantic loneliness than did Koreans when they were not in a romantic relationship. The study also showed that Korean students relied more heavily on their families to fulfill their social network needs, while American students relied more on friends and significant others. |
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