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| Question | Answer |
| What is Computing? | The study of natural and artificial information processes |
| What is computation | Calculating something using mathematical, logical or interactive methods |
| What is Computability | The measure of what can and cannot be computed |
| What is Abstraction | Is getting the right level of thinking for a particular problem (London underground map) |
| What is Automation | Automating (getting it working on a computer) an algorithm |
| Do you know about Heirarchy charts? | Yes. |
| Do you know what each different shape in a flow chart means? | Yes. |
| What is a Fixed Value? | Something that doesn't change value for the entire execution of the program |
| What is a stepper? | Something that is incremented each time a loop loops. |
| Give 3 examples of Selection Statements | Any of the following: IF THEN ELSE CASE |
| Give an example of an Iterative Statement | FOR NEXT REPEAT UNTIL |
| What is an Assignment Statement | EXAMPLE: Answer=2 |
| What is a presence Check? | Checks if all the crucial data has been entered. |
| What is a Format check? | checks if everything is in the correct format i.e. Date |
| What is a range check? | Checks if everything is within their permitted upper and lower bound i.e Percentage must be between 0 and 100 |
| What is a file look-up check? | A saved file is looked up and compared to what has been inputted by the user. |
| What is a Length Check? | Checks whether data is a certain number of characters |
| What is Validation? | The process of checking whether data is sensible |
| What is a Compilation Error? | A Syntax Error, such as a spelling mistake or missing an END IF. Generally the easiest to correct |
| What is a Run-Time error? | An error that happens during the execution of the program |
| What is a Logic Error? | This type of error is the most difficult to detect. The program will not produce the correct results. |
| How do you code a bubble sort? | Set n to number of records to be sorted Repeat Swapped = False For counter = 1 to n-1 do If item(counter) > Item(Counter +1) then Swap the Records Set Swapped = True End if Next Counter n=n-1 Until Swapped = False or n = 1 |
| How do you make a binary number negative? | Starting on the right, leave each bit alone until the first 1. Then flip every bit after the first 1. |
| What is the easiest way to do binary subtraction? | Convert the second number to a negative number and then add |
| If the denary system is this: 100, 10, 1 . 1/10, 1/100 What does the Binary System look like? | 4, 2, 1 . 1/2, 1/4, 1/8 Its called Fixed point numbers |
| What does ASCII stand for? | American Standard Code for Information Interchange |
| How many bits does ASCII use to represent a character? | ASCII - 7 bits Extended ASCII - 8 bits |
| How many bits does Unicode use to represent characters and why? | It uses 16 bits. It uses so many because it provides a unique number for every character, no matter the platform/program or language |
| Explain how Parity works | Computers use EVEN or ODD parity to check if data has been successfully transmitted between components. When using EVEN parity, the total number of bits set to 1 in each byte must be even (including the parity bit) The parity bit is checked and if an error is detected the data is retransmitted |
| What is majority vote and its advantages and disadvantages. | Majority vote is sending data three times. The majority vote would then determine the correct bit. It is far more accurate and reliable, but highly expensive and rather slow due to the larger volume of data being transmitted |
| How does Hamming Code know which bit has been corrupted in a piece of data. | It uses the position of each parity bit that detects an error, adds them all up and the result is where the corrupted bit is. It can then flip this to correct it. |
| What is Hamming code used for? | Wireless communications (Wireless Broadband) because it has a good balance between error detection and correction |
| What does ADC stand for? | Analogue to digital Converter |
| What is sampling? | A process which measures the height of a wave of sound |
| What is sampling rate? | The frequency at which samples are taken |
| What is sampling Resolution | number of bits to store one sound sample |
| What is Nyquist's Theorem | You should sample at twice the rate of the highest frequency in the sampled signal |
| Explain Bitmapped Images | An image is divided up into pixels. Each pixel is represented by a binary code which can vary in length. For example, 8 bits per pixels would allow for 256 colours to be represented. Due to the image being represented as pixels, when resized the image becomes jagged and the image quality is lost. |
| What is screen resolution | The resolution of a VDU screen is expressed as the pixels per row x pixels per column. e.g. 1920 x 1080. |
| What is image resolution | The pixels per cm/inch for an image |
| What is colour depth | The number of bits used to represent the colour of a pixel in a bitmap image |
| Explain Vector Graphics | An image is viewed as a number of objects and shapes. Each object/shape has characteristics like coordinates and thickness etc.. Pixels aren't important with vector graphics. This means that vector graphics can be resized without loss of quality. The characteristics of an image can be used to calculate the new size of the image. |
| Name the Advantages of Bitmaps | Photographic images are smaller in bitmap |
| Name the advantages of Vector graphics | Geometric images smaller and load faster in vector graphics format. They also scale without distortion |
| What is Run Length Encoding ( RLE ) | If there is a section of several pixels that share the same colour then RLE group them together. This saves space. For example, If there is a group if 7 red pixels together, RLE will tell the computer to colour the next 7 pixels red. Rather than having to colour each individual pixel after each other. |
| What is Lossy Compression? | Lossy compression is a method of compressing image files by discarding unimportant information. Such as rendering background sections in lower quality. |
| What is a Finite State Machine (FSM) | A machine with a set number of states, i.e. a Light Switch - On or Off |
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