Pharmaceutical forms

Oral solid:
1. Tablets
  1. capsule
    1. FFLM
      1. Granules
        Oral Liquids
        Syrup
        Elixir
        Suspension
        Fluid emulsions
        Herbal tisanas
        DISADVANTAGES
        Increased microbiological contamination (addition of preservatives). Higher stability of the active principle.
        ADVANTAGES
        Quickly release active substance: high BD in speed. -Easy and convenient dosing (tablespoons, drops) -Results of choice particularly in children.
        Sublingual
        The sublingual mucous is very vascularized: rapid absorption rate.
        FF: tablets and aerosols.
        Seals
        They are capsules with a receptacle of starch
        It can serve as an intermediate for obtaining tablets or filling capsules
      2. Better dosage regimens, Best pharmacokinetic profile , Reduction of adverse effects.
        They can not be split. Not suitable for patients with swallowing problems. Worst control in overdose situations
    2. Good stability and bioavailability, easy processing
      1. Higher cost, content limitations, do not work in patients with swallowing problems
  2. low cost, Presicion dosing, Extend period of validity
    1. Limited use in patients who can not swallow, problems of bioavailability.
2. Advantages
  1. Disadvantages
Clasication
1. solids
  1. Powder, granules, capsules, seals , tablets, suppositories, implants
2. semi-solids
  1. ointments, creams and gels
3. Liquids
  1. Solutions Suspensions Emulsions Syrups Elixirs Lotions Injectable Linings
Topical and subcutanea
1. Dermal
  1. Aplicable on the skin
    1. Advantage
      1. Disadavantage
        feel stcky
      2. Easy to apply , low cost and greater absortion
2. Ointments,
  1. creams
    1. gels
      1. pastes
        patches
        implants
3. Transdermal
  1. Diffusion of the active principle to the skin surface
  2. Advantage
    1. Disadvantage
    2. Prevent degradation to gastric pH and its administration can be stopped immediately.
      1. low cost
  3. Transdesmal Patches
Ophthalmic and Optics
1. Types of pharmaceutical forms
  1. Eye drops, ointments, emulsions, ophthalmic inserts, drops.
2. Advantage
  1. Disadavantage
    1. Maybe uncomfortable when applied.
      1. Do not use if timpanic membrane is perforade
  2. Rapid Absorption, Local Action
    1. Low cost
Conventional release
1. Modified release
  1. Allow to reach a profile of plasma concentration that guarantees the persistence of the therapeutic action of the drug.
2. The release of the active principle is not deliberately modified by a particular formulation design
Parenteral
1. Extravascular
  1. Intravascular
    1. Intra-arterial
      1. The effect of the drug can be localized in a given organ
        Possibility of drug leakage to the general circulation
    2. Intracardiac
      1. Allows to act directly in the myocardium
        Difficulty of technique
    3. Intravenous
      1. Quick effect
        Poor circulation impairs drug delivery
  2. Intradermal
    1. Slow absorption (when allergy testing is performed)
      1. Breaks the protective barrier of the skin
        Disadvantages
      2. Advantages
  3. Intraperitoneal
    1. Ultrafast absorption
      1. Interferes with anticoagulants
  4. Intrathecal
  5. Epidural
    1. Give access to the Central Nervous System
      1. It is difficult to apply
  6. Intramuscular
    1. Fast route of administration
      1. Some drugs can irritate tissues and cause pain
  7. Subcantanea
    1. The onset of action is faster than the oral route
      1. More expensive
  8. Intraarticular
    1. Direct contact with the walls and joint tissue
      1. Unmanageable and painful
Inhalation
1. Aereosol Sprays
  1. Gases
    1. Gases and Volatile Liquids
      1. General anesthetics
      2. Easily cross the blood-brain barrier
    2. Medical oxygen
    3. Application of pure oxygen
      1. You need the use of more equipment
  2. A larger fraction of the drug reaches the lung
    1. Requires coordination between pulsation and inspiration
      1. Disadvantages
    2. Advantages
2. Nasal
  1. Route of administration to the parenteral in those places whose oral administration is not possible

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Pharmaceutical forms

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	Created by Alan Zurita Aguilar over 7 years ago