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Basic Elements of Networking

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Mind Map on Basic Elements of Networking, created by lourdes manrique on 26/11/2014.
lourdes  manrique
Mind Map by lourdes manrique, updated more than 1 year ago
lourdes  manrique
Created by lourdes manrique over 10 years ago
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Basic Elements of Networking
  1. Network basic elements
    1. 1. End devices, also referred as hosts: The sources and destinations of the communication (i.e., devices that generate and transmit messages or receive and interpret messages). The devices the end users are most familiar with. These devices act as the interface between the end users and the underlying network. Examples: Computers, IP phones, mobile phones, PDAs, etc.
      1. 2. Intermediary devices: Devices that give network access to the attached end devices and transport the messages between hosts. Usually, transparent to the end users. Also, these devices accomplish communication functions in order to ensure the success of the communication process. Examples: Hubs, switches, routers, modems, firewalls, etc.
        1. 3. Transmission media: The physical media that connects the devices, enabling the exchange of messages between them. It may be wired, that is, some copper cable (allows the propagation of electric voltage or current pulses) or optical fiber cable (allows the propagation of light pulses), or wireless, that is, some radio link (allows the propagation of electromagnetic waves).
          1. 4. Services: Network-aware software applications (e.g., a web browser) that request network resources (e.g., data) in order to enjoy the end user of the application some provided service (e.g., World Wide Web).
            1. 5. Processes: Software that runs on network devices in order to support the communication functions - in accordance with the established, also in software, communication rules or protocols - and facilitate the provision of services to the end users. In contrast with the services, processes are transparent to the end users.
              1. 6. Messages: Well-known applications. Includes telephone calls, e-mail, web pages, etc. Devices and media are the physical elements or hardware of the network, whereas the services and the processes are the computer programs or software of the network. We have to note that modern computer networks are converged data or information networks, meaning that can carry any type of information (i.e., text, voice, graphics, video streams, computer data and files) between a wide range of devices (e.g., computers, IP phones, PDAs, etc.), and provide previously separate and distinct conventional communication methods and services, as well as new, alternative communication forms (e.g., telephony, e-mail, instant messaging, file transfer, printer sharing, hard disk sharing, collaboration tool, video conference, etc.) onto a common platform.
    2. Data transmission media
      1. Media transmission Describes the type of physical system used to carry a communication signal from one system to another. Examples of transmission media include twisted-pair cable, coaxial cable, and fiber optic cable.:
        1. Networking topologies
          1. Coaxial cable
            1. • Widely installed for use in business and corporation ethernet and other types of LANs. • Consists of inter copper insulator covered by cladding material, and then covered by an outer jacket
            2. Optical Fibers
              1. multimodefiberisopticalfiberthatisdesignedto carry multiple light rays or modes concurrently, each at a slightly different reflection angle within the optical fiber core. used for relatively short distances because the modes tend to disperse over longer lengths (this is called modal dispersion) . • Forlongerdistances,singlemodefiber (sometimes called monomode) fiber is used. In single mode fiber a single ray or mode of light act as a carrier
              2. Wirless LAN
                1. Wireless LAN (802.11b..) : 11 to 108Mbits • HiperLAN (European standard; allow communication at up to 20 Mbps in 5 GHz range of the radio frquency (RF) spectrum. • HiperLAN/2 operate at about 54 Mbps in the same RF band.
                2. Physical interconnection structure of the network graph
                  1. Type of interconnection:
                  2. PAN • SAN / SAN • Local Area Networks (LAN) • Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN) • Wide Area Networks (WAN)
                  3. What is it?
                    1. Computer networking is one of the most exciting and important technical fields of our time. Information and communication are two of the most important strategies issues for the success of every enterprise.
                      1. A computer network is any combination of computers and other devices that are connected by a central Internet signal. Below are the basic elements of a computer network, and the setup described is what you’d most likely use in a home environment.
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