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What is
discourse and
why analyze it?
- In 1996 the British largest phone
company was created with the purpose of
improving nation’s communication skills.
- Some linguistics take discourse as a source of
evidence about social life and use discourse as
a research method for social phenomenoms.
- Discourse analysis
- Is used by
linguists,
psychologists,
sociologists
- Is not
completely
related with
spoken
discourse
- Does works
with data
that is done
in writing
- Method for
investigating
social voices of
talks of people
- Is used by
linguists,
psychologists,
sociologists
- Some linguists want to know
- How turn-taking works like during a conversation and
how the way a question is formed can affect the
answer
- How people’s talk can be taken as
evidence about some aspects of
their lives
- How turn-taking works like during a conversation and
how the way a question is formed can affect the
answer
- DISCOURSE
- Form of language with
characteristics taken by
the way language and
communication work
- Language-users also interpret larger texts not
only sentences
- Example: The baby
cried/ the mommy
picked it up
- It is anaphoric;
although it comes in
the second sentence,
a listener infers it
refers to the baby
because it was
mentioned before
- People assume who
picked up the baby,
was his own mother
- Sequence of events-
cause and effect- A
and then B
- Example: The baby
cried/ the mommy
picked it up
- Language users also have problems identifying
sentences that are not texts
- Example: Later, an
item about
vasectomy and the
results of the do it
yourself competition
- It’s likely to see
rejections of the
last sentence’s
interpretation
- The speaker
utterance has no
structure
- The scenario sounds
ridiculous; people take
account of what they
know
- Example: Later, an
item about
vasectomy and the
results of the do it
yourself competition
- Tendencies in twentieth-century linguistics
- Formalism: interest in structure
of language
- Functionalism: interest in what
language is used for
- Formalism: interest in structure
of language
- Self-construction
- People tend to tell the
researcher the things they
believe he wants to hear
- Usually happens in ordinary talk
- Is better to analyze real talk
since matters are more
complex when talking
- People tend to tell the
researcher the things they
believe he wants to hear
- Language-users also interpret larger texts not
only sentences
- Language above the sentence
- Looks for structure in units that are larger than one sentence
- Since of discourse is made by making assumptions, basing on the knowledge we have about the world
- Language above sentence can be using language to mean something
- Form of language with
characteristics taken by
the way language and
communication work
- Relevant terms
- Talk
- Spoken language
- Is generic and inclusive
- Spoken language
- Conversation
- However, nowadays people tend to say that conversation is also done through chats for example; whatssap, chat rooms or facebook
- Refers to spoken language rather than written language
- However, nowadays people tend to say that conversation is also done through chats for example; whatssap, chat rooms or facebook
- Discourse
- Language used in any medium
- Technical term
- Language used in any medium
- Talk
- A Text can be smaller than a sentence
- Men on the door of a public bathroom-P for packing lot
The convey a meaning even if they don’t have structure
above sentence
- Positive discourse
- Example; drugs use is a recreational activity
- Example; drugs use is a recreational activity
- Negative discourse
- Example; drugs use is a crime
- Example; drugs use is a crime
- Men on the door of a public bathroom-P for packing lot
The convey a meaning even if they don’t have structure
above sentence
- Language using is an intersubjective process
- People’s understanding of the world is shaped by the way they
used language according to what they have available
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