configure, maintain and
remove software packages
on Debian-based systems
dpkg -i packagename.deb
Dealing
with
Dependencies
a package may
depend on others
to work
an image editor may
need libraries to open
JPEG files,
to install the
OpenShot video
editor package,
dpkg -i openshot-qt_2.4.3+dfsg1-1_all.deb
openshot-qt depends on fonts-cantarell; however:
Package fonts-cantarell is not installed. openshot-qt
depends on python3-openshot; however: Package
python3-openshot is not installed.
OpenShot depends on the fonts-cantarell, python3-openshot,
python3-pyqt5, python3-pyqt5.qtsvg, python3-pyqt5.qtwebkit
and python3-zmq packages. All of those need to be installed
before the installation of OpenShot can succeed.
dpkg -i --force packaname.deb
Removing Packages
dpkg -r unrar
The removal operation also runs a dependency
check, and a package cannot be removed unless
every other package that depends on it is also
removed
Getting
Package
Information
# dpkg -I google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb
Package: google-chrome-stable
Version: 76.0.3809.100-1 Architecture:
amd64 Maintainer: Chrome Linux
Team <chromium-dev@chromium.org>
Installed-Size: 205436 Pre-Depends:
dpkg (>= 1.14.0)
Lists out (enumera) every
package that dpkg has
installed on the system.
Reconfiguring
Installed Packages
post-install
permisos
file
configuration
ask some
questions of
the user to set
preferences
dpkg-reconfigure packagename,
will back-up the old
configuration files,
unpack the new
ones in the correct
directories
and run the post-install
script provided by the
package
dpkg-reconfigure tzdata
example
Advanced
Package Tool
(apt)
is a package
management
system
including a set
of tools
that greatly simplifies package
installation, upgrade, removal and
management
automatic
dependency
resolution.
APT works in concert with
software repositories
which contain the
packages available to
install.
apt-get used to download,
install, upgrade or remove
packages from the system.
apt-cache used to perform
operations, like searches,
in the package index.
apt-file used for
searching for files
inside packages
Updating
the Package
Index
apt-get update
Installing and
Removing Packages
# apt-get
install
xournal
# apt-get
remove xournal
apt-get purge p7zip
apt-get remove --purge p7zip
Fixing Broken
Dependencies
apt-get install -f
Upgrading Packages
apt-get update
apt-get upgrade
The Local
Cache
/var/cache/apt/archives
file is downloaded to a local
cache directory
/var/cache/apt/archives/partial/
Partially downloaded
The Sources List
/etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ disco main restricted universe multiverse
Archive type
deb:binario
deb-source:fuente
url repository
main:soportado oficialmente
restricted: soportado oficialmente y codigo cerrado
universe:Software open source comunidad
multiverse:contains unsupported,
closed-source or patent-encumbered
software.
distribucion:dsco
disco:disco dingo
main:packages compilados
con Debian Free Software
Guidelines
contrib:contains
DFSG-compliant
packages, depends of
other packages not main
non-free
not compliant
with the
DFSG.
security
contains
security
updates.
backports
contains more recent
versions of packages
that are in main
Searching for Packages
apt-cache search p7zip
apt-cache show liblzma5
/etc/apt/sources.list.d Directory
add files with additional
repositories to be used by APT,
without the need to modify
the main /etc/apt/sources.list
file.
These are simple text files,
with the same syntax
described above and the .list
file extension.
Listing Package
Contents and
Finding Files
# apt-get install apt-file
apt-file update
apt-file update
apt-file search libSDL2.so
Preguntas Y Repuestas
What is the command to
install a package named
package.deb using dpkg
dpkg -i package-name
Using dpkg-query, find
which package contains a
file named 7zr.1.gz.
dpkg-query -S 7zr.1.gz
Can you remove a package
called unzip from the system
using dpkg -r unzip if the
package file-roller depends on
it? If not, what would be the
correct way to do it?
No. dpkg will not
resolve dependencie
How can you find out which
package contains the file
/usr/bin/unrar using the apt-file
utility?
# apt-file search /usr/bin/unrar
Using apt-cache, what is the
command to show
information for the package
gimp?
# apt-cache show gimp
Consider a repository with Debian source packages
for the xenial distribution, hosted at
http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ and with
packages for the universe component. What would
be the corresponding line to be added to
/etc/apt/sources.list? Source packages are of the
deb-src type, so the line should be:
While compiling a program, you come across an error
message complaining that the header file zzip-io.h is not
present on your system. How can you find out with
package provides that file? Use apt-file search to find which
package contains a file not present in the system:
# apt-file search zzip-io.h
How can you ignore a dependency
warning and remove a package using
dpkg, even if there are packages that
depend on it in the system?
The parameter --force can be used,
How can you get more
information about a package
called midori using apt-cache?
# apt-cache show midori
Before installing or updating
packages with apt-get, which
command should be used to
ensure that the package
index is up-to-date?