Unit 2 - Task 3 – Realization-Benign and malignant diseases of the breast

Begnine breast diseases
1. Clinical mastopathy: this is related to menstrual cycles and can be physiological and its pathology is related when pain occurs in the mammary gland during hormonal cycles in each breast it can be different, it is concentrated in the upper external quadrant which is where the gland breast is denser, its pain begins with ovulation and decreases at the beginning of menstruation.
2. Puerperal mastitis: characterized by an infection of the mammary gland during lactation, the main cause is insufficient milk drainage and cracks in the nipple. The most common germ that can cause infection is Staphylococcus aureus, it is characterized by redness pain of the skin and fever and if it is not treated in time it can cause a mammary abscess.
3. : Fibroadenoma: It is the most common benign tumor and can grow with pregnancy, breastfeeding and taking contraceptives, it is generally not painful and is usually palpated as a smooth mobile mass, it is often multiple and bilateral, it should be followed ultrasound to monitor its change in size.
4. Phyllodes tumor: It is a very rare tumor and is larger than fibroadenoma and it can become malignant. It often recurs after its removal and if it is very large, quadrantectomy or mastectomy is recommended.
5. Fat necrosis of the breast: It occurs as a consequence of trauma or surgeries such as reduction in breast size, its consistency is mistaken for a malignant tumor, so it must be biopsied, and it is important to perform ultrasound control to avoid the state of the breast after surgery.
6. Galactocele: It is a retention of milk due to the obstruction of a milk duct during breastfeeding.
7. Nipple discharge: This discharge can be similar to milk (galactorrhea), or yellowish discharge (telorrhea or bloody discharge (telorrhea).
8. Intraductal papilloma: The most frequent cause is unipolar telorrhagia, ultrasound and biopsy are recommended.
9. Ductal ectasia: This is the dilation of the mammary ducts, its main symptom is breast discharge, which can cause fibrosis and nipple retraction. Surgery is performed to correct the nipple retraction.
10. Recurrent periareolar fistulization: It is an inflammatory and infectious process of the terminal ducts, most often in young smokers, its possible cause is subareolar necrosis, induced by the toxins in tobacco.
11. Erosive adenomatosis of the nipple: it is a variant of intraductal papilloma, surgical exeresis is recommended.
12. Mondor disease: It is a thrombophlebitis of the superficial veins of the breast and can extend to the armpit and chest wall, it can be caused by surgery or trauma and it seems like a hard and painful cord that crosses the breast in a craniocaudal direction.
malignant diseases of the breast
1. Ductal and lobular hyperplasia without atypia: It is characterized by an increase in epithelial cells in the acini or ducts with double luminal and myoepithelial differentiation.
2. Atypical papilloma: It develops on benign papillomas suffering from atypical hyperplasia and can be diagnosed after bloody discharge
3. Atypia of the flat epithelium: These are columnar atypia cells and can be associated with other infiltrating lesions.
4. Lobular hyperplasia: is the proliferation of atypical cells affecting more than half of the lobe without distending the acinus.
5. Ductal hyperplasia: It is the proliferation of atypical cells that affect one or more ducts.
6. Ductal carcinoma in situ: It is a heterogeneous disease, there are several degrees. Therefore, it is necessary to differentiate as precisely as possible, since the therapeutic process depends on it.
7. Paget's disease of the nipple: appears with a neoplastic intraepithelial lesion, it usually resembles orange peel skin, its treatment is the removal of the areola-nipple complex and followed by radiotherapy.
8. Having first-degree relatives with breast cancer especially related to the BRCA1, BRCA2, P53, ATM and PTEN genes.
9. Infiltrating ductal carcinoma: It begins in the mammary ducts and is the most frequent and is characterized by early invasion of the lymph nodes.
10. Infiltrating lobular carcinoma: it begins in the lobules of the mammary gland, it is the second most frequent it appears in women of legal age, it is associated with the cadherine gene.

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Unit 2 - Task 3 – Realization-Benign and malignant diseases of the breast

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	Created by mayerlli ortiz over 3 years ago