30657280
Description
Mind Map by maria carolina guzman carmona, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by maria carolina guzman carmona
over 3 years ago
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communication methods
- Within the
communicative
methods I chose the
two that I consider
important
- Background
- Content-based instruction (CBI)
refers to an approach to
teaching a second language in
which instruction is organized
around content or information
that students will acquire.
- The role of content in other curriculum
designs
- The commission's report
recommended focusing on reading
and writing in all subject areas of
the curriculum, and not merely on
the subject called language arts.
- The language in the curriculum
was a proposal for the native
language education that grew
out of the recommendations of
a British government
commission in the mid-1970s.
- objectives 1. to activate and develop
existing English language skills 2.
Acquire learning skills and strategies
that can be applied in the future.
language development opportunities 3.
Develop general academic skills
applicable to university studies in all
subject areas
- Types of learning and
teaching activities
- vocabulary building – discourse organization
– communicative interaction – study skills –
synthesis of content materials and
grammar.
- vocabulary building – discourse organization
– communicative interaction – study skills –
synthesis of content materials and
grammar.
- The role of
teachers
- Varying the format of classroom instruction 2.
Using group work and team-building techniques 3.
Organizing jigsaw reading arrangements 4.
Defining the background knowledge and language
skills required for student success 5. Helping
students develop coping strategies 6. Using
process approaches to writing 7. Using appropriate
error correction techniques 8. Developing and
maintaining high levels of student esteem
- Varying the format of classroom instruction 2.
Using group work and team-building techniques 3.
Organizing jigsaw reading arrangements 4.
Defining the background knowledge and language
skills required for student success 5. Helping
students develop coping strategies 6. Using
process approaches to writing 7. Using appropriate
error correction techniques 8. Developing and
maintaining high levels of student esteem
- The role of
materials
- As with other elements in CBI, the
materials that facilitate language
learning are the materials that are used
typically with the subject matter of the
content course. It is recommended that
a rich variety of materials types be
identified and used with the central
concern being the notion that the
materials are “authentic.
- As with other elements in CBI, the
materials that facilitate language
learning are the materials that are used
typically with the subject matter of the
content course. It is recommended that
a rich variety of materials types be
identified and used with the central
concern being the notion that the
materials are “authentic.
- Types of learning and
teaching activities
- The commission's report
recommended focusing on reading
and writing in all subject areas of
the curriculum, and not merely on
the subject called language arts.
- William
Safire
- If any word in the English
language is hot, noteworthy
and it's a snap of the fingers
with him, surpassing even the
millennium both in the
general discourse and in the
interior, that word is content.
Get used to it, because we
won't get over it anytime
soon. (New York Times, August
19, 1998, p. fifteen)
- If any word in the English
language is hot, noteworthy
and it's a snap of the fingers
with him, surpassing even the
millennium both in the
general discourse and in the
interior, that word is content.
Get used to it, because we
won't get over it anytime
soon. (New York Times, August
19, 1998, p. fifteen)
- Krahnke
- following definition: It
is the teaching of
content or information
in the language that is
learned with little or no
direct or explicit effort
to teach the language
itself separately from
the content being
taught. (Krahnke, 1987:
65).
- following definition: It
is the teaching of
content or information
in the language that is
learned with little or no
direct or explicit effort
to teach the language
itself separately from
the content being
taught. (Krahnke, 1987:
65).
- The role of content in other curriculum
designs
- Content-based instruction (CBI)
refers to an approach to
teaching a second language in
which instruction is organized
around content or information
that students will acquire.
- Communicative Language Teaching
- Task-Based Language Teaching
- Background
- Task-Based
Language Teaching
(TBLT) refers to an
approach based on
the use of tasks
as the core unit of
planning and
instruction in
language teaching.
- Example
- Activities that involve real communication are
essential for language learning. – Activities in
which language is used for carrying out
meaningful tasks promote learning. – Language
that is meaningful to the learner supports the
learning process.
- Approach Theory of language
- language is primarily a means of making meaning
- multiple models of language inform tbi
- lexical units are central in language use and
language learning
- “conversation” is the central focus of
language and the keystone of language
acquisition
- “conversation” is the central focus of
language and the keystone of language
acquisition
- lexical units are central in language use and
language learning
- multiple models of language inform tbi
- language is primarily a means of making meaning
- Types of learning and teaching activities
- A language learning task can be
regarded as a springboard for
learning work. In a broad sense, it
is a structured plan for the
provision of opportunities for the
refinement of knowledge and
capabilities entailed in a new
language and its use during
communication
- Such a work plan will have
its own particular objective,
appropriate content which is
to be worked upon, and a
working procedure. . . . A
simple and brief exercise is a
task
- Such a work plan will have
its own particular objective,
appropriate content which is
to be worked upon, and a
working procedure. . . . A
simple and brief exercise is a
task
- A language learning task can be
regarded as a springboard for
learning work. In a broad sense, it
is a structured plan for the
provision of opportunities for the
refinement of knowledge and
capabilities entailed in a new
language and its use during
communication
- Design Objectives
- There are few published
(or perhaps, fully
implemented) examples of
complete language
programs that claim to be
fully based on most recent
formulations of TBLT. The
literature contains mainly
descriptions of examples
of task-based activities.
- There are few published
(or perhaps, fully
implemented) examples of
complete language
programs that claim to be
fully based on most recent
formulations of TBLT. The
literature contains mainly
descriptions of examples
of task-based activities.
- Teacher roles
- selector and sequencer of tasks
- preparing learners for tasks
- consciousness-raising
- consciousness-raising
- consciousness-raising
- consciousness-raising
- preparing learners for tasks
- selector and sequencer of tasks
- The role of instructional material
- Instructional materials play an
important role in TBLT because it is
dependent on a sufficient supply of
appropriate classroom tasks, some of
which may require considerable time,
ingenuity, and resources to develop.
- Materials that can be exploited for
instruction in TBLT are limited only
by the imagination of the task
designer. Many contemporary
language teaching texts cite a “task
focus” or “task-based activities”
- Materials that can be exploited for
instruction in TBLT are limited only
by the imagination of the task
designer. Many contemporary
language teaching texts cite a “task
focus” or “task-based activities”
- Instructional materials play an
important role in TBLT because it is
dependent on a sufficient supply of
appropriate classroom tasks, some of
which may require considerable time,
ingenuity, and resources to develop.
- Approach Theory of language
- Activities that involve real communication are
essential for language learning. – Activities in
which language is used for carrying out
meaningful tasks promote learning. – Language
that is meaningful to the learner supports the
learning process.
- Example
- Task-Based
Language Teaching
(TBLT) refers to an
approach based on
the use of tasks
as the core unit of
planning and
instruction in
language teaching.
- Background
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