Verbals

Verbals

A verbal is a verb form that does not function as a verb but as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb. There are four types of verbals:
1. GERUNDS
  1. Is a verbal ending in -ing that functions as a noun
    1. For example: Jogging is my favorite sport.
  2. PHRASES
    1. Is a phrase consisting of a gerund and any modifiers or objects associated with it. A gerund is a noun made from a verb root + ing (present participle).
      1. For example: Blowing giant bubble gum bubbles with the car windows down.
  3. VERBS FOLLOWED
    1. avoid, celebrate, consider, contemplate, delay, detest dislike, dread, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, forgive, involve, keep, loathe, mind, miss, postpone,etc.
  4. VERBS USABLE WITH INFINITIVE /GERUNDS (CHANGE THE IDEA)
    1. Sensation verbs: feel, see, hear, taste, smell, touch, look ,seem, etc.
    2. Forget - Regret- Remeber, Mean - Try- Stop- Help,
      1. For example: 1- I forgot to call you on your birthday. (I did not call you.) 2- I will never forget when I climbed the Ilamatepec volcano. (I did go to the volcano.)
      2. 1- Lorena regrets leaving school when she was fifteen. (She wishes that she had studied more and then gone to university.) 2- The company regrets to inform employees that the Santa Ana office will close next year. (The company feel sad about this.)
      3. 1- If you take that job in San Salvador it will mean travelling for two hours every day. (It’s a big effort.) 2- I mean to finish this task by the end of the week. (Involves time.)
      4. 1- I helped to make the party surprise. (I did something for the party) 2- I can´t help biting my nails when I am nervous. (I can't stop doing it.)
2. PRESENT PARTICIPLE
  1. Always ending in -ing, are created from the form of a verb used with the verb to be ( am, is, are, was, were, been) as an auxiliary verb (progressive tense).
    1. For example: My boss spends two hours a day travelling to work.
  2. as an Adjective
    1. We usually use the present participle (ending in -ing) to talk about the person, thing, or situation which has caused the feeling:
      1. For example: It was such a long, boring flight. (so I was bored).
  3. PHRASES
    1. A present participle phrase will always act as an adjective while a gerund phrase will always behave as a noun.
      1. For example: After a long day at school and work, Ana found her roommate George eating the last of the leftover pizza.
3. INFINITIVES
  1. as Nouns
    1. They can perform most of the roles as any nouns except indirect objects and genitives.
      1. For example, “To travel is the only thing on her mind."
  2. as Adjectives
    1. The infinitive as an adjective will be after the noun ,not before,as is the usual case with regular adjectives.
      1. For example: This is the best time to start.
  3. as Adverbs
    1. An infinitive used as an adverb always describes a verb. An adverbial infinitive usually occurs at the beginning or at the end of a sentence, and does not need to be near the verb it describes. we can always identify an adverbial infinitive by inserting the test words in order in front of infinitive. If the words in order make sense, the infinitive is adverbial.
      1. For example: To win, you need the highest number of points.
  4. PHRASES
    1. The infinitive form of a verb plus any complements, and modifiers. The complement of an infinitive verb will often be its direct object, and the modifier will often be an adverb.
      1. For example: “To wait seemed foolish when decisive action was needed.” – Subject “Everyone wanted to go.” – Direct object
  5. VERBS FOLLOWED
    1. Agree, decide , manage, struggle, aim, plan, swear, appear, demand, tend, fail, hope, refuse, wait, claim, resolve, seem, intend, volunteer, etc.
  6. VERBS USABLE WITH INFINITIVES/GERUNDS. (THE SAME IDEA)
    1. begin, bother, like, prefer, bother, continue, propose, love, start, etc.
4. PAST PARTICIPLE
  1. Usually ending in -ed or -en, are created from the form of a verb used with the verb to be as an auxiliary verb (passive voice).
    1. For example: The windows were cracked by van dals.
  2. as an Adjective
    1. Provide extra information about nouns.
      1. For example: Carmen is well-dressed today.
  3. PHRASES
    1. A past participle is a word that is formed from a verb, is used as an adjective or to form verb tense, and probably ends with "-ed," "-d," "-t," "-en," or "-n."
      1. for example: She had whispered him the answer.

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	Created by TANIA VERONICA GONZALEZ GUERRA over 3 years ago