34313988
Description
Mind Map by Martina Cattaneo Bodner, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Martina Cattaneo Bodner
about 3 years ago
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|
MINERAL PROPERTIES
- Physical
Properties
- Color
- Color is one of the most
obvious properties of a
mineral but it is often of
limited diagnostic value,
especially in minerals
that are not opaque.
Never use color as a
final diagnostic
property.
- Color is one of the most
obvious properties of a
mineral but it is often of
limited diagnostic value,
especially in minerals
that are not opaque.
Never use color as a
final diagnostic
property.
- Luster
- metallic luster
- look like a metal
- look like a metal
- Vitreous luster
- is like that of glass, shiny and translucent to
transparent. Remember that glass can be almost any
color, including black, so don't be fooled by the color
- is like that of glass, shiny and translucent to
transparent. Remember that glass can be almost any
color, including black, so don't be fooled by the color
- pearly luster
- have an
appearance
similar to a
pearl
- have an
appearance
similar to a
pearl
- earthy
luster
- look like earth,
or dirt
- look like earth,
or dirt
- waxy luster
- look like paraffin,
typically
translucent but
dull
- look like paraffin,
typically
translucent but
dull
- metallic luster
- Streak
- Streak is obtained by
scratching the mineral on an
unpolished piece of white
porcelain called a streak plate.
Because the streak plate is
harder than most minerals,
rubbing the mineral across the
plate produces a powder of
that mineral. Streak is
commonly more reliable than
color for identification.
- Streak refers to the color of the
mineral in its powdered form,
which may or may not be the
same color as the mineral.
Streak is helpful for identifying
minerals with metallic or earthy
luster, because (with a few
exceptions) minerals with
nonmetallic luster generally
have a colorless or white streak
that is not diagnostic.
- Streak is obtained by
scratching the mineral on an
unpolished piece of white
porcelain called a streak plate.
Because the streak plate is
harder than most minerals,
rubbing the mineral across the
plate produces a powder of
that mineral. Streak is
commonly more reliable than
color for identification.
- Hardness
- Hardness is the resistance of a
mineral to scratching or abrasion
by other materials. Hardness is
determined by scratching the
surface of the sample with another
mineral or material of known
hardness. The standard hardness
scale, called Mohs Hardness Scale
consists of ten minerals ranked in
ascending order of hardness with
diamond, the hardest known
substance, assigned the number
10.
- Hardness is the resistance of a
mineral to scratching or abrasion
by other materials. Hardness is
determined by scratching the
surface of the sample with another
mineral or material of known
hardness. The standard hardness
scale, called Mohs Hardness Scale
consists of ten minerals ranked in
ascending order of hardness with
diamond, the hardest known
substance, assigned the number
10.
- Cleavage and Fracture
- Density
- Density= m/v
- Density= m/v
- Color
- Chemical Properties
- Reaction with Acid
- Some minerals,
especially
carbonate minerals,
react visibly with
acid. (Usually, a
dilute hydrochloric
acid [HCl] is used.)
- Some minerals,
especially
carbonate minerals,
react visibly with
acid. (Usually, a
dilute hydrochloric
acid [HCl] is used.)
- Taste, Odor
- Some minerals have a
distinctive taste (halite is
salt and tastes like it).
Some a distinctive odor
(the powder of some
sulfide minerals, such as
sphalerite, a zinc sulfide,
smells like rotten eggs).
- Some minerals have a
distinctive taste (halite is
salt and tastes like it).
Some a distinctive odor
(the powder of some
sulfide minerals, such as
sphalerite, a zinc sulfide,
smells like rotten eggs).
- Reaction with Acid
- Additional Properties
- Special properties help
identify some minerals.
These properties may
not be distinctive
enough in most minerals
to help with their
identification. or they
may be present only in
certain minerals.
- Magnetism
- Some minerals are
attracted to a hand
magnet. To test a
mineral for
magnetism, just put
the magnet and
mineral together and
see if they are
attracted.
- Some minerals are
attracted to a hand
magnet. To test a
mineral for
magnetism, just put
the magnet and
mineral together and
see if they are
attracted.
- Refringence
- The rays of light deviate
from their trajectory
when they pass through
a transparent mineral.
In some minerals, the
ray of light splits in two
(duplication of the
image), a property
known as birefringence.
- The rays of light deviate
from their trajectory
when they pass through
a transparent mineral.
In some minerals, the
ray of light splits in two
(duplication of the
image), a property
known as birefringence.
- Special properties help
identify some minerals.
These properties may
not be distinctive
enough in most minerals
to help with their
identification. or they
may be present only in
certain minerals.
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