34552259
Description
Mind Map by JOSE ANDERSON GAMA DA CRUZ, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by JOSE ANDERSON GAMA DA CRUZ
over 4 years ago
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The Cardiovascular
System
- Consists of heart and blood vessels, Circulates blood
throughout body, Delivers oxygen and nutrients to cells,
Carries away waste products.
- Located between lungs
Layers of the heart
- Endocardium = inside lining; lines
chambers and valves
- Myocardium = thick muscular layer
that makes up heart wall
- Epicardium = outside thin lining; covers heart
- Pericardium = surrounding fibrous
sac Atria = upper receiving chambers
(singular: atrium)
- Pericardium = surrounding fibrous
sac Atria = upper receiving chambers
(singular: atrium)
- Endocardium = inside lining; lines
chambers and valves
- Ventricles = Lower pumping
chambers (singular:
ventricle)
- Pulmonary circuit (right side to
lungs) Systemic circuit (left side to
rest of body)
- Chambers separated by septa (walls) Pumps blood
through two circuits Pulmonary = right side to lungs; to
be oxygenated Systemic = left side; oxygenated blood to
body
- Pulmonary circuit (right side to
lungs) Systemic circuit (left side to
rest of body)
- The Heartbeat
- Systole = contraction
Diastole = relaxation
- Heartbeat starts with both atria contracting
Heart rate = number of times heart contracts
per minute Pulse = wave of increased pressure
as ventricles contract
- Ventricles contract; contractions are stimulated
by electrical impulse
- Sinoatrial node (SA node)
Atrioventricular node (AV
node) AV bundle Bundle
branches Purkinje fibers
- Sinoatrial node (SA node)
Atrioventricular node (AV
node) AV bundle Bundle
branches Purkinje fibers
- Systole = contraction
Diastole = relaxation
- Located between lungs
Layers of the heart
- Atherosclerosis
- Accumulation of fatty deposits
within artery
- Risk factors
- High levels of lipoproteins (especially
LDLs) Smoking High blood pressure
Poor diet Inactivity Stress Family
history
- High levels of lipoproteins (especially
LDLs) Smoking High blood pressure
Poor diet Inactivity Stress Family
history
- Risk factors
- Accumulation of fatty deposits
within artery
- Thrombosis and Embolism
- Thrombosis = formation of blood clot Thrombus =
blood clot resulting in tissue death Embolism =
obstruction of a blood vessel by a blood clot or other
matter carried in the circulation Embolus = a mass
carried in the circulation; usually a blood clot
- Thrombosis = formation of blood clot Thrombus =
blood clot resulting in tissue death Embolism =
obstruction of a blood vessel by a blood clot or other
matter carried in the circulation Embolus = a mass
carried in the circulation; usually a blood clot
- Aneurysm
- Weakened arterial wall ballooning out
- Caused by
- Atherosclerosis Malformation Injury Dissecting
aneurysm sometimes ruptures vessel; possible to fix
with graft
- Atherosclerosis Malformation Injury Dissecting
aneurysm sometimes ruptures vessel; possible to fix
with graft
- Caused by
- Weakened arterial wall ballooning out
- Hypertension
- Commonly known as high blood pressure Contributing factor in
many conditions Defined as systolic >130 mmHg, diastolic >80
mmHg Causes left ventricle to enlarge First defense: diet and life
habits
- Commonly known as high blood pressure Contributing factor in
many conditions Defined as systolic >130 mmHg, diastolic >80
mmHg Causes left ventricle to enlarge First defense: diet and life
habits
- Rheumatic heart disease
- Streptococcus infection damaging heart valves Treated
with antibiotics May require surgical correction or valve
replacement
- Streptococcus infection damaging heart valves Treated
with antibiotics May require surgical correction or valve
replacement
- Arrhythmia
- Irregularity of heart rhythm Bradycardia = slower
than average Tachycardia = faster than average
Fibrillation = extremely rapid, ineffective
- Irregularity of heart rhythm Bradycardia = slower
than average Tachycardia = faster than average
Fibrillation = extremely rapid, ineffective
- Heart Disorders
- Coronary artery disease
- Results from atherosclerosis Early
sign is angina pectoris (chest pain)
- Diagnosed by
- ECG Stress tests Coronary
angiography
Echocardiography
- ECG Stress tests Coronary
angiography
Echocardiography
- Results from atherosclerosis Early
sign is angina pectoris (chest pain)
- Myocardial infarction
- Symptoms (varies between genders): Precordial
or epigastric pain Pain extending to jaw, arms,
shoulder Pallor (turns pale) Diaphoresis Nausea
Dyspnea (difficulty breathing) May also be
burning sensation similar to heartburn
- Symptoms (varies between genders): Precordial
or epigastric pain Pain extending to jaw, arms,
shoulder Pallor (turns pale) Diaphoresis Nausea
Dyspnea (difficulty breathing) May also be
burning sensation similar to heartburn
- Coronary artery disease
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