Types of Research Design

Annotations:

• This is the primary stage of the investigation. It happens when there is little or no background information on the problem the researcher intends to investigate.

1. Characteristics:
   1. . Few or no antecedents
   2. . Seeks to gain new knowledge of a phenomenon
   3. . Formulate a problem to investigate with better precision
   4. . It is a generalized investigation to become familiar with the subject and get information.
   5. The hypothesis is not tested
   6. It is qualitative in nature
      1. It explains the "what", "how" and "when", but does not determine the frequency or "how many".
2. Steps of Exploratory Research
   1. Survey of Literature
      1. Try to propose a hypothesis. With a review of the literature you may find hypotheses already proposed that you will have to evaluate their usefulness in the present investigation.
   2. The Experience of Survey
      1. The experience of the respondents is relevant to obtain information and to visualize new perspectives on the problem.
      2. It helps to create the best hypothesis
         1. Fundamental contributions:
            1. Possibility of behavioral
            2. Knowledge of the installations
            3. Control factor
            4. Knowledge of the people helping
   3. Case study
      1. Studies the subject qualitatively
      2. To know the factors and causes of the behavior of the phenomenon to be investigated.
      3. The observation of people outside or foreign to the research is very useful
      4. All dimensions and ramifications are studied.

1. Types of Experimental Research
   1. After-only experimental design
      1. The control group and the experimental group are similar and can be affected simultaneously by the external factors.
   2. Before – after experimental design.
      1. The dependent variable is measured before and after participation in the experiment.
   3. Ex-post facto design
      1. The researcher depends on the historical background.
   4. Panel study
      1. These are repeated observations on the same subject in different time periods.
2. Characteristics:
   1. The independent variable is manipulated to learn about the behavior of the dependent variable.
   2. It works with homogeneous groups, although it is difficult to achieve this.
   3. The purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis of a causal relationship between variables.