Use learning theory or learning
research to validate selection of
instructional tasks and tend to
support the use of specific teaching
strategies and techniques
Essential skills: Understand the
learning principles. Develop tasks
and activities based on the
learning principles. Monitor
students’ performance on tasks
to see that desired performance
is being achieved.
Theory-Philosophy
Conceptions
Require teachers first to
understand the theory
underlying the methodology
and then to teach in such a
way that the theory is
realized in classroom practice.
Communicative Language Teaching
The Silent Way
Essential skills:
Understand the theory
and the principles.
Select syllabi,
materials, and tasks
based on the theory.
Monitor your teaching
to see that it conforms
to the theory.
Value Based Approaches:
Essentially appeal to
educational or social value
systems in Justifying their
proposals.
Team teaching/
Humanistic Approaches/
The learner Centered
Curriculum/ Movement/
Reflective Teaching
Art-Craft Conceptions
Seek to develop teaching as a unique set of personal
skills wich teachers apply in different ways according
to the demands of specific situations
Essential skills:
Treat each
teaching situation
as unique.
Identify the
particular
characteristics of
each situation.
Try out different
teaching
strategies.
Develop personal
approaches to
teaching.
Represent different points of view about what teaching is