in which managers do everything possible to
maximize the potential for organizational learning
to take place.
Creating a Learning Organization
Allow every person in the organization to
develop a sense of personal mastery.
employees to develop and use complex
mental models.
promote group creativity and team
learning.
Building a shared vision.
encourage systems thinking
The managers will change their
management assumptions radically.
Creativity
is the ability of a decision maker to
discover original and novel ideas that
lead to feasible alternative courses of
action.
Promoting Individual Creativity
the opportunity and freedom
to generate new ideas.
experiment, to take risks,
and to make mistakes
and learn from them.
constructive feedback
so that they know how
well they are doing.
alternatives solutions and to
visibly reward employees who
come up with creative ideas.
Promoting Group Creativity
Brainstorming
is a group problem-solving technique in
which managers meet face-to-face to
generate and debate a wide variety of
alternatives form which to make a decision.
1. describe the problem in broad outline.
2.. share their ideas and generate
courses of action.
3. not criticize each alternative
until all have been heard.
4. Group members are encouraged to
be innovative and “piggy back” ideas.
5. debate the pros and cons and
develop a list of the best alternatives.
Nominal group technique
is a decision-making technique in which group members
write down ideas and solutions, read their suggestions to the
whole group, and discuss and then rank the alternatives.
1. One manager outlines the problem
to be addressed and group members
write down ideas and solutions.
2. read their suggestions to the
group
3, The alternatives are discussed
4. Each member ranks all the alternatives,
and the highest-ranking one is selected.
Delphi Technique
is a decision-making technique in which group
members do not meet face to face but respond
in writing to questions posed by the group leader.
1. The group leader writes a statement of
the problem and a series of questions.
2. The questionnaire is sent to managers
who generate solutions and mail the
questionnaire back to the group leader.
3. A team records and summarizes the
responses, which are sent back to the
participants with additional questions.
4. The process is repeated until a consensus
is reached.
Promoting Creativity at the Global Level
The Delphi technique is particularly
useful when barriers of time and
distance separate managers.
under increasing pressure to
reduce costs and develop global
products.
take special steps to encourage
creativity among people from
different countries who work
together.
have centralized their R&D
Organizational learning
is the process through which managers seek
to improve employees’ desire and ability to
understand and manage the organization.