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11534041
Experiments- Method, Control of Variables, Design, Types
Description
AQA AS and A Level Research Methods: Includes experimental methods, control of variables, experimental design, and types of experiment.
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as
as level
a level
psychology
research methods
experiments
types of experiment
variables
experimental design
aqa
psychology
research methods
as level
Mind Map by
Grace Fawcitt
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
Grace Fawcitt
almost 7 years ago
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Resource summary
Experiments- Method, Control of Variables, Design, Types
Method
Aims
General statement describing the purpose of the experiment
Hypotheses
Testable statement on the relationship between the variables
Based on theory
Directional
Clarifying the type of difference between the two conditions
Drinking energy drinks increases your talkativeness
Used when previous research suggests particular outcome
Non-directional
Stating that there will be a difference between the conditions, but not the type
Drinking energy drinks affects your talkativeness
Used when there is no previous research into the area
Variables
Independent Variable
Aspect of the experiment which is manipulated/changed
Dependent Variable
Measured the record effect of changing the IV
The hypothesis should state the IV and DV
E.g. The group who drink energy drinks will be more talkative than the group who drink water
IV= type of food
DV= IQ
Operationalisation
Making the variables measurable
E.g. the group who drink 200ml of energy drink will say more words in 10 minutes than the group who drink 200ml of water
Control of variables
Extraneous variables
Unwanted variables, other than the IV, which may influence the DV
E.g. gender, lighting in room, age
Don't vary systematically with the IV
Confounding variables
Unwanted variable, other than the IV, which may have influenced the DV
Unsure of true source of changes in DV
Vary systematically with the IV
E.g. personality
Demand characteristics
Guessing the aim of an experiment and reacting accordingly
Act in a way which they think is 'expected' or over-perform to please
Under-perform to sabotage results
Unnatural behaviour
Investigator effects
Researcher favouring certain participants
Unconscious clues
Selection of materials, participants, instructions etc.
Leading questions
Randomisation
Reduces effects of EV/CVs and investigator effects
Random generation
Order of conditions randomly determined
Standardisation
Same environment, instructions and experience
Experimental Design
Independent Groups
Two groups selected, one does control condition, other does experimental condition
Performance of two groups compared
Repeated Measures
One group selected, do both the control and the experimental condition
Performance in each condition compared
Matched Pairs
One group chosen, then another based on characteristics of participants in the first group. Carried out like IGD
Performance of two groups compared
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