20734457
Malaria Mind Map
- LIFE CYCLE
- Protozan
parasites:
Plasmodium
- Protozan
parasites:
Plasmodium
- CLINICAL
- uncomplicated malaria
- severe flu-like illness
- fever
- malaria fevers are cyclical;
synchronized with the
bursting of merozoites into
bloodstream
- malaria fevers are cyclical;
synchronized with the
bursting of merozoites into
bloodstream
- chills +
sweating
- head +
body aches
- nausea +
vomiting +
diarrhead
- fever
- severe flu-like illness
- severe malaria
- impaired
consciousness/cerebral
malaria
- fits,
prostration,
coma
- fits,
prostration,
coma
- severe
anaemia
- respiratory
distress
- multi organ
failure
- renal
failure
- pulmonary
oedema
- renal
failure
- death:
10-50% of
cases
- impaired
consciousness/cerebral
malaria
- uncomplicated malaria
- PATHOLOGY
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- Hypoendemic
- little
transmission;
sporatic,
self-limiting
outbreaks
- little public
health
importance
- poor
development
of immunity!
- disease
affects all
ages
equally
- EX: China, Mexico
- little
transmission;
sporatic,
self-limiting
outbreaks
- Mesoendemic
- present in
most areas;
variable
transmission
intensity
- generally of
ph
importance
- development
of immunity
- disease
doesn't
effect older
generations
- EX:
India,
most of
SE Asia
- present in
most areas;
variable
transmission
intensity
- Hyperendemic
- intense,
widespread
(but still
seasonal
transmission)
- often a
ph
problem
- development
of good
immunity
- disease
mainly
of
children
- EX: African
Saehl
- intense,
widespread
(but still
seasonal
transmission)
- Holoendemic
- intense,
widespread,
seasonal
variation is
slight
- can be
#1 ph
problem
- good
immunity
- disease
mainly
<5s
- EX: Humid,
lowland
tropical
African
- intense,
widespread,
seasonal
variation is
slight
- Hypoendemic
- CONTROL
- Prevention
- VC!
- IRS
- LLINS/ITNs
- ITNs provided 17%
protective efficacy against
mortality
- about 5.5 lives saved
per 1,000 under nets
- treated nets can
cut incidence in
half
- ITNs provided 17%
protective efficacy against
mortality
- IRS
- VC!
- Treatment
- Drugs!
- parenteral
- Quinine,
artesunate
(better)
- Quinine,
artesunate
(better)
- orals
- artesunate,
quinine,
chloroquine...
- ACT: not affordable
in African without
subsidy
- artesunate,
quinine,
chloroquine...
- parenteral
- Drugs!
- Diagnostics
- microscopy
- most
accurate
- requires lab
and trained
staff
- most
accurate
- rapid
diagnostic
tests
- point of
care
diagnostic!
- doesn't require
lab or electricity;
minimum training
- based on
antigen
capture
- no intensity result: just +/-
- no intensity result: just +/-
- 2 types: HRP-2 (persists after cure),
LDH- negative 2 days after cure
- point of
care
diagnostic!
- PCR-based assays
- serological tests
- microscopy
- Prevention
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