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ESL Theories
- Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills (BICS)
- Language skills needed for social situations in environments with peers, teachers, and others
- Interacting with a student on the playground or in the lunch
room, encouraging casual conversation
- Interacting with a student on the playground or in the lunch
room, encouraging casual conversation
- Jim Cummins
- Language skills needed for social situations in environments with peers, teachers, and others
- Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency (CALP)
- Language skills needed for academics
- Reading, speaking, writing, or listening in the classroom, working one on one with student
- Reading, speaking, writing, or listening in the classroom, working one on one with student
- Jim Cummins
- Language skills needed for academics
- Input Hypothesis
- Stephen Krashen
- All people understand language in the same way through many forms of
communication
- People who speak different languages can look at the same picture and get a similar
understanding, so using different pictures and visual demonstrations can help ESL learners
- People who speak different languages can look at the same picture and get a similar
understanding, so using different pictures and visual demonstrations can help ESL learners
- Stephen Krashen
- Universal Grammar
- Noam Chomsky
- All languages are based on the different components of sentences such as verbs, nouns, and
adjectives
- Try to relate the structure of the child's first language to the similar structure in sentences in English
- Try to relate the structure of the child's first language to the similar structure in sentences in English
- Noam Chomsky
- Threshold Hypothesis
- A person must be competent in one language before being able to understand and use
another language
- Working with a student using their first language until they fully understand it and then adding English into the
curriculum
- Working with a student using their first language until they fully understand it and then adding English into the
curriculum
- Jim Cummins
- A person must be competent in one language before being able to understand and use
another language
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