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3200938
Internal Functioning of a Computer
Description
1st Homework
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computer
class
homework
otro
Mind Map by
Pablo Vega
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
Pablo Vega
over 9 years ago
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Resource summary
Internal Functioning of a Computer
Evolution of computer hardware
Parts of the computer have become smaller
Microprocessor (CPU)
Most important Integrated Circuit
Control Unit (CU)
Organizes and controls the data and its flow
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
Executes arithmetic operations
Interpretates and carries out the basic instructions it recieves
Instructions for the microprocessor:
Complex Instruction Set Computer (CISC)
Bigger capacity
Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC)
Faster
Works by clock cycles
Microprocessor brands
AMD (American Micro Devices)
Intel
Motorola
VIA Technologies
Transmeta
Works being serial or parallel
Executes orders in a sequence, changing processes in microseconds
Executes orders simultaneously
Performance of microprocessors
Clock Speed
Measured in hertz or Mega/Gigahertz
Number of cycles (instructions executed) performed in a second
Cache Memory (main memory)
Between RAM and the processor
Provides the fastest acces to data
Primary memory (deletes when the computer is shut down)
Stores the most frequently requested data
First place where the microprocessor looks for info.
Up to 3 levels of cache (8kb to 9Mb of memory)
Size of the word
Number of bits a microprocessor can handle at the same time
32 or 64 bits, generally
Compartment of the desktop
Circuit Cards and Storing devices
Power source
"feeds" the computer so that it can work
Transforms alternate current into direct current
Fan (cools down the computer)
Motherboard
Provides space to connect all devices to the computer
Many of those devices can be replaced or repaired
Memory
Random Acces Memory (RAM)
Primary memory (temporary)(ereases when we turn off the computer)
Fast but small memory (Works in nanoseconds)
When it cannot store everything, the order passes directly to the Hard Drive, which is bigger but slower
Up to 16 Gb of capacity
Bigger RAM = faster computer
Read Only Memory (ROM)
Secondary memory (it doesn't erase)
Greater capacity tan RAM, but slower
Looks for information via revolutions
Complementary Metal Oxid Semiconductor (CMOS)
Reading and writing memory
Works with a battery that is charged when the computer is on
Registers time and date, along with characteristics of installed hardware
Sequence of memory: Ram, ROM
Flash Memory
Reading and Writing Memory
Holds data when computer is off
Most expensive one
Mainly used in:
Cellphones
Digital cameras
Printers
Tablets
Peripheal Devices
Devices such as mouses, keyboards, etc. connected by ports
Universal Serial Bus (USB)
Compatibility with all computers
Easy handling and info. saving
Plug and Play (PnP)
Recognized immediatly
HDMI
Connection to tv's, sengs 64 bits at a time
Flow of data from component to component by cables = BUS
Bus 1
Connects processor to the memory
Bus 2
Connects processor to Peripheal devices
Expansion cards
They give the computer the ability to control Input, Process and Output
They fit in expansión slots
They contain the ports we use to connect external devices like mouses or keyboards
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