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1.1- Pathogens
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Biology Mind Map on 1.1- Pathogens, created by Bex North on 16/12/2013.
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biology
biology
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Bex North
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Created by
Bex North
almost 11 years ago
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1.1- Pathogens
Microorganism is a general term for a single-celled organism that is too small to be seen without a microscope
Includes Bacteria and Viruses
Some are beneficial to us, some cause harm
A Pathogen is a Microorganism that causes disease
Include: Fungi, Viruses and Bacterium
A disease is a description of symptoms which suggests a malfunction of body or mind, and has social, mental and physical aspects.
For a Microorganism to be considered as a Pathogen
Gain entry to the host
Colonise the tissue of the host
Resist the defences of the host
Cause damage to host tissues
If a Pathogen gets into the host and colonises its tissue an infection results
Disease occurs when an infection leads to recognisable symptoms in the host
When a Pathogen is transferred from one individual to another it is known as transmission
How do they enter the body?
The gas-exchange system, e.g. influenza, tuberculosis and bronchitis
The digestive system, (through food and water) e.g. cholera, typhoid, and dysentery pathogens
How do they cause disease?
By damaging host tissues- breaking down the cell membrane or a virus inhibits the synthesis of DNA, RNA and proteins
By producing toxins- (most bacterial) e.g. cholera bacterium produces a toxin that leads to excesssive water loss from the lining of the intestines
Prevention of entry
The production of stomach acid, which kills microorganisms
Mucous layer that covers exchange surfaces, thick and sticky, hard to penetrate
The production of enzymes that break down pathogens
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