4963543
Description
Mind Map by james liew, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by james liew
over 8 years ago
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Human Breathing System
- Nose: we breathe in through the nose because it cleans,
moistens and warms the air. Air that is warm and moist can
diffuse more asily from the lungs into the bloodstream
- Pharynx: the epiglottis is located in the pharynx at the top of
the trachea. The epiglottis closes over the trachea when we
swallow to prevent food and drink from passing into the lungs
- Trachea: along with its subdivisions; bronchi and
upper bronchioles are made of muscle, elastic
fibres and sections of inflexible cartilage
- The lower bronchioles don't have
cartilage. This allows them to contract
and narrow, leading to astma
- All these tubes are lined with mucus and cilia.
Disease-causing organisms stick to the mucus. The cilia
beat to create a current that pushes mucus up the
epiglottis. Mucus then passes down to stomach
- The lower bronchioles don't have
cartilage. This allows them to contract
and narrow, leading to astma
- Lungs: function is gas
exchange. Lungs are enclosed
by two pleural membranes
- Alveolus (plural: alveoli): are tiny sacs
that are the site of gas exchange
- Adaptions
- Very Numerous
- Large Surface Area
- Moist surfaces to
increase diffusion
- Thin walls, allowing
diffusion more quickly
- Very Numerous
- Gas Exchange
- Oxygen passes from
alveolus into blood cells
- Carbon dioxide passes from
plasma into alveolus
- Water vapour passes from
plasma into alveolus
- Water vapour passes from
plasma into alveolus
- Carbon dioxide passes from
plasma into alveolus
- Oxygen passes from
alveolus into blood cells
- Adaptions
- Mechanism of Breathing
- Inhalation
- 1: Respiration produces waste gas
carbon dioxide. This is slightly acidic
- 2: Respiratory centres in the medulla oblongata in the brain monitor
the acidity of blood. When acidity is too high, electrical impulses are
sent from medulla to diaphragm & intercostal muscles
- 3: Diaphragm & intercostal muscles cotract
- 4: Ribs move up and out, the diaphragm
moves down. Volume of chest increases
- 5: Pressure in chest falls. The external air pressure
is now greater than the air pressure in the chest
- 6: Air is forced into the lungs, causing them to inflate
- 6: Air is forced into the lungs, causing them to inflate
- 5: Pressure in chest falls. The external air pressure
is now greater than the air pressure in the chest
- 4: Ribs move up and out, the diaphragm
moves down. Volume of chest increases
- 3: Diaphragm & intercostal muscles cotract
- 2: Respiratory centres in the medulla oblongata in the brain monitor
the acidity of blood. When acidity is too high, electrical impulses are
sent from medulla to diaphragm & intercostal muscles
- Active process
- Exhalation is opposite
events to inhalation
- 1: Respiration produces waste gas
carbon dioxide. This is slightly acidic
- Inhalation
- Asthma
- Symptoms: noisy, wheezy breathing
and feeling of lack of breath
- Cause is unknown. Can be triggered
by inhaling allergens such as pollen
- Bronchioles narrow and their linings
become inflamed. This reduces amount
of air that can pass in and out of lungs
- Bronchioles narrow and their linings
become inflamed. This reduces amount
of air that can pass in and out of lungs
- Treatment: take drugs (bronchodilators
in inhalers), that widen the bronchioles
& reduce inflammation.
- Symptoms: noisy, wheezy breathing
and feeling of lack of breath
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