10119750
Description
Mind Map by nichifuri 101, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by nichifuri 101
over 7 years ago
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Coming of the Europeans -
Reasons for Founding of SG
- factors leading to European "discovery" of "new lands"
- GOLD (economic)
- necessity for oriental goods, esp. spices -
main source was Moluccas Islands
- necessity for oriental goods, esp. spices -
main source was Moluccas Islands
- GOD (religion)
- religious zeal inspired kings like
Philip II to send navigators to
spread Christian fiath
- religious zeal inspired kings like
Philip II to send navigators to
spread Christian fiath
- GLORY (prestige)
- increase trade and build
profitable empires -
glory and prestige
- increase trade and build
profitable empires -
glory and prestige
- GOLD (economic)
- reasons for founding of SG
- ECONOMIC/COMMERCIAL
REASONS
- China trade
- when British EIC organised trade
between Britain and the East for private
traders who were interested in obtaining
goods not available in Britain or Europe
(mainly silk, porcelain, tea from China)
- by 18th C - tea became most impt
trading commodity of China trade
because of gvt's huge reduction in
import tax from over 100% to 12.5%
- more affordable product - gained
mass appeal - new mass consumer
market - more traders attracted to
tea trade
- Britain wanted to sell her
manufactures to China in exchange
for tea - ideal trade
- BUT: trade imbalance because there was little China wanted
from Britain - no suitable exchange commodity - had to
make up in actual silver currency
- PROBLEM SOLVED: Britain found an exchange
commodity in the form of opium - grown in India
cheaply - addictive - guaranteed and constant demand
- needed a convenient stopover mid-way through
journey between China, London and India
- SG - port-of-call in Malay archipelago for
ships to harbour, refit and refill / wait for
monsoon winds
- SG - port-of-call in Malay archipelago for
ships to harbour, refit and refill / wait for
monsoon winds
- needed a convenient stopover mid-way through
journey between China, London and India
- PROBLEM SOLVED: Britain found an exchange
commodity in the form of opium - grown in India
cheaply - addictive - guaranteed and constant demand
- BUT: trade imbalance because there was little China wanted
from Britain - no suitable exchange commodity - had to
make up in actual silver currency
- Britain wanted to sell her
manufactures to China in exchange
for tea - ideal trade
- more affordable product - gained
mass appeal - new mass consumer
market - more traders attracted to
tea trade
- by 18th C - tea became most impt
trading commodity of China trade
because of gvt's huge reduction in
import tax from over 100% to 12.5%
- when British EIC organised trade
between Britain and the East for private
traders who were interested in obtaining
goods not available in Britain or Europe
(mainly silk, porcelain, tea from China)
- Malay Archipelago trade
- regional trading network that supported British India-China trade
- goods from M.A --> exchanged with Britain's goods --> exchanged with China's tea
Annotations:
- Straits Produce necessary to supplement/augment British goods for the Chinese market --> further support China trade as British goods not sought after by Chinese
- goods from M.A --> exchanged with Britain's goods --> exchanged with China's tea
- 1813: EIC lost monopoly of India trade which had regulated supply of
British imports to safeguard against an oversupply of British
imports to ensure price remains high
- other private traders entered China trade - British huge loss of profits
- new port needed to capture potential new markets for
increased flow in British goods - founding of SG
- new port needed to capture potential new markets for
increased flow in British goods - founding of SG
- other private traders entered China trade - British huge loss of profits
- regional trading network that supported British India-China trade
- China trade
- POLITICAL REASONS
- Anglo-Dutch Rivalry
- British: EIC
- benefitted and
took situation
to advantage
- Dutch: VOC
- gained upper hand in M.A - commanded
Sunda Straits and Straits of Malacca -
virtual monopoly of profitable spice trade
- Napoleonic Wars (1799-1815) - Dutch
fortunes changed - transfer Dutch
possessions to British's temporary care - Kew Letters
(Cape of Good Hope; India; Sumatra;
Java; Malaca)
- lower tariffs on British goods using formerly Dutch controlled ports that were temporarily under British control
- BUT end of Napoleonic Wars (1815) - returning of Dutch possessions to Holland
- stricter trading rules - tighter trading control of 2 main trade routes
- created urgency for British to break Dutch monopoly
- establish new trading
settlement
- establish new trading
settlement
- created urgency for British to break Dutch monopoly
- stricter trading rules - tighter trading control of 2 main trade routes
- BUT end of Napoleonic Wars (1815) - returning of Dutch possessions to Holland
- lower tariffs on British goods using formerly Dutch controlled ports that were temporarily under British control
- gained upper hand in M.A - commanded
Sunda Straits and Straits of Malacca -
virtual monopoly of profitable spice trade
- British: EIC
- Anglo-Dutch Rivalry
- STRATEGIC REASONS
- need for 3rd port as Bencoolen and Penang were
ineffective - too far away from centre of trade
and no timber for ship-building and
ship-repairing
- need to check Dutch power (e.g.
Raffles, Lord Hastings)
- need for 3rd port as Bencoolen and Penang were
ineffective - too far away from centre of trade
and no timber for ship-building and
ship-repairing
- ECONOMIC/COMMERCIAL
REASONS
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