10404458
Description
Mind Map by Jumael Zafar, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Jumael Zafar
about 7 years ago
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ISOMERISM
- These are compounds with the same
molecular formula but are arranged differently
in space.
- Structural Isomerism
- Chain isomerism
- This is where the compounds have the
same functional group but a different
Carbon skeleton e.g. branches.
- For example, Butane and
methylpropane are chain isomers.
- For example, Butane and
methylpropane are chain isomers.
- This is where the compounds have the
same functional group but a different
Carbon skeleton e.g. branches.
- Position isomerism
- The atoms or groups of atoms are
attached to different Carbons of the
Carbon skeleton.
- For example, 2-chloropentane and
3-chloropentane
- For example, 2-chloropentane and
3-chloropentane
- The atoms or groups of atoms are
attached to different Carbons of the
Carbon skeleton.
- Functional isomerism
- The same atoms are arranged into
different functional group e.g. from an
alkene to cycloalkane.
- For example, hex-1-ene and
cyclohexane.
- For example, hex-1-ene and
cyclohexane.
- The same atoms are arranged into
different functional group e.g. from an
alkene to cycloalkane.
- Chain isomerism
- Stereoisomerism I
- E/Z isomerism
- Due to restricted rotation around
the double bond, the way in which
the atoms are attached is
important.
- E-isomers occur when matching/the
highest Mr atoms are attached
across the double bond.
- Z-isomers occur when matching/the
highest Mr atoms are on the sqme
side of the double bond.
- E-isomers occur when matching/the
highest Mr atoms are attached
across the double bond.
- Due to restricted rotation around
the double bond, the way in which
the atoms are attached is
important.
- Cis/trans isomerism
- Occurs in complex ions
and organic compounds.
This is where the ligands in
a complex ion are arranged
in a certain way.
- If matching ligands are
right next to each other, it
is cis.
- If they are opposite
each other, then it is
trans.
- If matching ligands are
right next to each other, it
is cis.
- Occurs in complex ions
and organic compounds.
This is where the ligands in
a complex ion are arranged
in a certain way.
- E/Z isomerism
- Stereoisomerism II
- Optical isomerism
- This is when a compound
can exist as 2
non-superimposable mirror
images.
- The compounds are
usually called
enantiomers.
- The compounds are
usually called
enantiomers.
- This type of isomer
can occur only if
there is a chiral
Carbon.
- This means a Carbon joined to four
different functional groups.
- This can also be done
with complex ions e.g. its
ligands.
- This can also be done
with complex ions e.g. its
ligands.
- This means a Carbon joined to four
different functional groups.
- This is when a compound
can exist as 2
non-superimposable mirror
images.
- Optical isomerism
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