HAMAD AT THE COOPERATIVE

70 years old, retired, married -CC: loss of consciousness
Causes of Syncope
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Glasgow coma scale
Cardiac conduction system
Electrocardiogram
1. components
  1. MONITOR
  2. ELECTRODS
2. normal ECG
3. Leads
4. Abnormal ECG
Sick sinus syndrome
1. Pathophysiology
  1. affects SA node
  2. cause
    1. idiopathic age-related fibrosis and cell atrophy leading to changes in the electrophysiology of the SAN
  3. manifestation
    1. Bradycardia
    2. asystolic pause
  4. lead to
    1. dizziness and syncope
2. diagnosis
  1. Holter monitor
  2. Exercise testing
  3. Intracardiac electrophysiologic tests
3. Signs and symptoms
  1. Asymptomatic but may feel
    1. Fatigue
    2. Weakness
    3. Dizziness
    4. Lightheadedness
    5. Fainting
    6. Short breath
4. Risk factors
5. Prognosis
  1. Patients who have sick sinus syndrome with only sinus bradycardia have a better prognosis.
6. treated with Pacemakers
  1. types
    1. by number of leads
      1. One lead
      2. 2 leads
      3. 3 leads (CRT)
    2. implantation period
      1. Temporary
        Heart attack
        Emergency
        Over-dose
        Heart surgery
      2. Permanent
        Long term problems
  2. Risks of the procedure
    1. Bleeding from the incision or catheter insertion site
    2. Damage to the vessel at the catheter insertion site
    3. Infection
    4. Pneumothorax
  3. Indications
  4. precautions after implantation
Anti-arrhythmic Drugs
1. Class I (Na+ Channel Blockers)
2. Class II (B Blockers)
3. Class III (K+ channel Blockers)
4. Class IV (Ca++ channel blockers)

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HAMAD AT THE COOPERATIVE

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	Created by mahmoud eladl about 7 years ago