daughter of Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII; in the
'Via Media" with religion, only slightly Catholic;
strung Philip of Spain along for 20 years until he
invaded
the English fleet and
storms destroyed the
Spanish Armada and
weakened Spain
died with no heir, so the line
jumped to the Stuarts
Mary
daughter of Catherine and Henry VIII; Catholic
and furious; tried to use force to return
England to Catholicism but failed; the people
hated her and called her "Bloody Mary"
reign began in 1509; a loyal Catholic and titled
"Defender of the Faith"; switched to
Protestantism so he could divorce his first wife;
beheaded his second wife; seized Catholic
Church lands and gave them to nobles so they
would stay loyal to Protestantism
Edward VI
son of Jane and Henry VIII; took the throne at age 9 while
Thomas Cranmer made the Anglican Church more Protestant
and wrote the Book of Common Prayer; died young
The Stuarts
James I
Charles I
Charles II
took the throne bloodlessly, but was
Catholic and wanted to convert;
failed in his attempts as Parliament
was Protestant
Parliament held
Catholic lands
James II
William and Mary
William invaded England and let James II
abdicate the throne; he and Mary were made
equal monarchs with less power, so Parliament
had more
Anne
took the throne after
William and Mary died, and
was childless
the line jumped to the Hanovers
very Catholic and wanted to convert;
threatened to disband Parliament; had
two Protestant daughters, but a son by
his second wife who was also Catholic
English people went to
William of Orange to
ask him to invade, and
he did
Oliver Cromwell as "Lord Protector"
General George Monck as "Lord Protector"
Cromwell's second-in-command; wanted
Parliament back, but knew the
monarchy had to come with it, so he
asked Charles II to come back from exile
in France
tried to rule with Parliament,
but disbanded them and made
a military dictatorship where
Puritans were in control
disbanded Parliament from 1629 to
1640 and caused a civil war, which
Parliament and the Puritans won
Oliver Cromwell had
him beheaded as a
result
actually James VI of Scotland;
unpleasant but bright, and fought
Parliament on religion, money, and
foreign policy