10895374
Description
Mind Map by Alex Ellson, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Alex Ellson
almost 7 years ago
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Chemistry
- States of
matter
- Solid- A solid holds or keeps
its shape. The particles are
tightly packed together and
has minimal movement
- Liquid- forms a pool not a pile.
Takes shape of any container it is
put in. Paricles are less tightly
packed and move around a bit
- Gas- Will escape from any
container that is not sealed. The
particles are spread out ansd
can move around a lot
- 4 processes: Melting evaporation
condensing freezing
- Condensing is from a gas to liquid.
- Freezing is liquid to solid
- Melting is solid to liquid
- Evaporation- is when a liquid goes to gas
- Solid- A solid holds or keeps
its shape. The particles are
tightly packed together and
has minimal movement
- Separating mixtures
- Pure substance is made up of the same atoms
- A mixture contains elements and/or compounds that
are not chemically joined together. You can use
physical processes to separate them into different
substances
- Chromotography- separates liquids of different colours
- Distillation- separates liquids with different boiling points
- Filteration- separates a solid from
liquid
- Pure substance is made up of the same atoms
- Pure substances have a sharp melting point. Mixtures have a range of melting points
- Filters can be used to separate some
mixtures. They let smaller pieces or liquids
through but trap bigger pieces or insoluble
substances
- Inks, paints and foods often contain mixtures of
coloured compounds. Chromatography is used to
find out which coloured compounds a mixture
contains
- Rf value
- Rf stands for retention factor. We can work out the Rf
value using this equation
- Rf- Distance moved by the spot/ Distance moved by the solvent
- Rf- Distance moved by the spot/ Distance moved by the solvent
- Rf stands for retention factor. We can work out the Rf
value using this equation
- Filters can be used to separate some
mixtures. They let smaller pieces or liquids
through but trap bigger pieces or insoluble
substances
- Distillation
- Distillation can be used to separate compounds with
different boiling points. This includes a liquid from
dissolved solids and different liquids
- Simple distillation evaporates the solvent away leaving the solute. The vapour is then
condensed and collested
- Distillation can be used to separate compounds with
different boiling points. This includes a liquid from
dissolved solids and different liquids
- Atomic
structure
- Protons have a positive charge
- Neutrons have no charge at all
- Electrons have a negative charge
- Atoms in element always
have equal numbers of
protons and electrons
and so have no overall
charge, because charges
cancel each other out
- Isotopes- More atoms
of the same element,
they have the same
atomic number but
have different mass
nuber
- Top number is the mass number. And
the bottom number is the atomic
number.
- Protons have a positive charge
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