10981723
Description
Mind Map by Sa'maya Hill, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Sa'maya Hill
about 7 years ago
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Lawrence Kohlberg & Theory of
Moral Development
- moral dilemmas:Jean Piaget to explain the moral development of children, which he believed follows a series of stages. Kohlberg defined
three levels of moral development: preconventional, conventional, and postconventional.
- "Heinz" dilemma:hich explores how people justify and rationalize their actions when placed in similar moral
quandaries.
- Preconventional stage: Stage 1: Punishment-avoidance and obedience, People make decisions based on what is
best for themselves, without regard for others' needs or feelings. They obey rules only if established by more
powerful individuals; they may disobey if they aren't likely to get caught. "Wrong" behaviors are those that will be
punished. Ages seem in preschool children, most elementar
- Stage 2: Exchange of favors: People recognize that others also have needs. They may try to satisfy others' needs if
their own needs are also met ("you scratch my back, I'll scratch yours"). They continue to define right and wrong
primarily in terms of consequences to themselves.
- Stage 2: Exchange of favors: People recognize that others also have needs. They may try to satisfy others' needs if
their own needs are also met ("you scratch my back, I'll scratch yours"). They continue to define right and wrong
primarily in terms of consequences to themselves.
- Conventional stage: lder elementary school students, some junior high school students, and
many high school students :Stage 3: Good boy/girl: People make decisions based on what
actions will please others, especially authority figures and other individuals with high status
(e.g., teachers, popular peers). They are concerned about maintaining relationships through
sharing, trust, and loyalty, and they take other people's perspectives and intentions into
account when making decisions.
- Stage 4: Law and order: People look to society as a whole for guidelines about
right or wrong. They know rules are necessary for keeping society running
smoothly and believe it is their "duty" to obey them. However, they perceive
rules to be inflexible; they don't necessarily recognize that as society's needs
change, rules should change as well.
- Stage 4: Law and order: People look to society as a whole for guidelines about
right or wrong. They know rules are necessary for keeping society running
smoothly and believe it is their "duty" to obey them. However, they perceive
rules to be inflexible; they don't necessarily recognize that as society's needs
change, rules should change as well.
- Postconventional: seem in college students:Stage 5: Social contract: People recognize that rules
represent agreements among many individuals about appropriate behavior. Rules are seen as
potentially useful mechanisms that can maintain the general social order and protect individual rights,
rather than as absolute dictates that must be obeyed simply because they are "the law." People also
recognize the flexibility of rules; rules that no longer serve society's best interests can and should be
changed.
- Stage 6: Universal ethical principle: Seem in old people: Stage 6 is a hypothetical, "ideal" stage that few
people ever reach. People in this stage adhere to a few abstract, universal principles (e.g., equality of
all people, respect for human dignity, commitment to justice) that transcend specific norms and rules.
They answer to a strong inner conscience and willingly disobey laws that violate their own ethical
principles.
- Stage 6: Universal ethical principle: Seem in old people: Stage 6 is a hypothetical, "ideal" stage that few
people ever reach. People in this stage adhere to a few abstract, universal principles (e.g., equality of
all people, respect for human dignity, commitment to justice) that transcend specific norms and rules.
They answer to a strong inner conscience and willingly disobey laws that violate their own ethical
principles.
- Criticisms of Kohlberg's Theory:is that it emphasizes justice to the exclusion of other values, and so
may not adequately address the arguments of those who value other moral aspects of actions.
Carol Gilligan has argued that Kohlberg's theory is overly androcentric.
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