Immunization is the process whereby a person is made immune or resistant to an infectious disease.
Vaccines cause immunization but there are other ways in which the process can occur
types
ATTENUATED VACCINES
contain a version of the living microbe that has been weakened in the lab so it can’t cause disease
Measles, mumps, rubella
INACTIVATED VACCINES
Scientists produce inactivated vaccines by killing the disease-causing microbe with chemicals, heat,
or radiation.
Polio , Hepatitis A
TOXOID VACCINES
These vaccines are used when a bacterial toxin is the main cause of illness.
Diphtheria, tetanus
SUBUNIT VACCINES
Instead of the entire microbe, subunit vaccines include only the antigens that best stimulate the
immune system
Hepatitis B, Influenza A & B
CONJUGATE VACCINES
If a bacterium possesses an outer coating of sugar molecules called polysaccharides, as many
harmful bacteria do, researchers may try making a conjugate vaccine for it
Neisseria , Streptococcus pneumoniae
DNA VACCINES
Once the genes from a microbe have been analyzed, scientists could attempt to create a DNA vaccine
against it
AIDS
Type of admistration
myth
characteristics of good vaccine
causes
immunization
epidimiology
disease outbreak
is the occurrence of cases of disease in excess of what would normally be expected in a defined
community, geographical area or season
Epidemic
is the rapid spread of infectious disease to a large number of people in a given population within a
short period of time
Pandamic
is an infectious disease that has spread through human populations across a large region; for instance
multiple continents, or even worldwide
types
Active
natural
bacterial or viral invasion
artificial
Vaccine
Passive
natural
From mother to child
artificial
Antibodies
A vaccine is a product that produces immunity from a
disease and can be administered in a variety of ways
schadual
Herd immunity
Treatment and management
Complementary
If a non-mainstream practice is used together with conventional medicine
Alternative
If a non-mainstream practice is used in place of conventional medicine