PILGRIMAGE OF GRACE

WHY
1. DISSOLUTION OF THE MONASTERIES
  1. Religious and economic
2. PROTESTING PROTESTANTISM
  1. Defence of RCC
3. CROMWELL
  1. Fear and his methods of suppression - scapegoat, not Henry
4. GRIEVANCES EG ENCLOSURE
  1. Poor harvests 1535/6, enclosure, rent increases, renewals of tenancies
5. TAXES AND RUMOURS
  1. No war yet high tax eg inheritance for nobles
6. ARAGONESE FACTION
  1. eg. Lord Darcy and Lord Hussey in defence of COA
HOW
1. 3 EVENTS
  1. 3. Bigod's Revolt and the Cumberland Rising
    1. 16 JAN - 14 FEB 1537
    2. EVENTS
      1. Having persuaded the rebels to stand down, Henry, aided by Cromwell, now embarked on a policy of "divide and rule". He had been lucky in that none of the northern magnates had joined the rebels – Shrewsbury, Derby and Cumberland had all resisted and, in the former cases, led Government troops. Henry-Percy-6th-Earl-of-Northumberland had been conspicuous by his absence from either side, although his hated younger brother, Sir Thomas Percy, was a leading light in the rebellion, and many of the gentry leaders were tenants of Percy. King Henry now sought to divide the gentry from the commons. Persuaded of the King's sincerity, Aske was extolling the success of the year's events, but the commons, more sceptical, were beginning to doubt, as no delivery on promises was forthcoming. John Hallam, one of the Captains of the 1536 rising, confided his fears to Sir Francis Bigod. John Hallam, one of the Captains of the 1536 rising, confided his fears to Sir Francis Bigod.
      2. John Hallam, one of the Captains of the 1536 rising, confided his fears to Sir Francis Bigod. Interestingly, Bigod was an Evangelical, but he was horrified by the idea, that having thrown over the Pope (which Bigod heartily endorsed) Henry was now claiming to have the "cure of souls" himself.
    3. RESULTS
      1. A plan was hatched to capture Hull and Scarborough, and then to take the Duke of Norfolk (whom they assumed would be sent north) captive and force him to act as a mediator with the Government. The whole campaign was a disaster. The gentry who had, they thought, escaped lightly from the events of the previous year, would have nothing to do with the scheme. The commons rose sporadically across the North-West and eventually converged on Carlisle, where they were roundly defeated on 16 th February 1537.
  2. 2. Pilgrimage of Grace
    1. 8 OCT - 8 DEC 1536
    2. WHO
      1. 1. Robert Aske (lawyer and leader) 2. Many gentry, monks, priests and commoners
    3. EVENTS
      1. Aske asked for Yorkshire men to defend the church, and 30,000 met in York and by the 21st October the rebels effectively controlled the north.
    4. RESULTS
      1. Henry sent the Duke of Norfolk to negotiate and the rebels presented a list of 5 articles - monasteries, inheritance tax, taxes on sheep and cattle, Cromwell and bishops. A truce was signed on the 27th October. A formal agreement was reached between 2nd and 4th December in Pontefract, and the rebels disbanded.
  3. 1. Lincolnshire Rebellion
    1. 1-11 OCT 1536
    2. WHO
      1. 1. Captain Cobbler (Melton) 2. Gentry, priests, monks, ordinary people
    3. EVENTS
      1. Began on 1st October in Louth, and in Lincoln the chancellor of the bishop was murdered. 10,000 met and wrote a list of grievances against the church
    4. RESULTS
      1. Most commoners fled in face of Duke of Suffolks army, and the gentry begged for forgiveness. The king's herald scared the remainder, and the rebellion ended on the 11th. Henry was not threatened.
WAS IT A THREAT?
1. YES
  1. Lord Darcy was involved, a significant figure
  2. 30,000
  3. Yorkshire was hard to control - Henry had no army and was reliant on dukes etc
  4. People wrote demands of things they wanted
  5. If Henry did not intervene, there were no monasteries and enclosure by the rich meant that unemployment and starvation could have caused thousands of deaths
  6. 3 uprisings, not quashed after the 1st
  7. The rebels had 5 grievances which were fair points that many ordinary people agreed with. Henry couldn't argue with them
  8. Happened in Winter - determination
  9. It is seen as the last battle of the War of the Roses. Henry, a Lancastrian, went agajnst the Yorkshires
  10. Lasted 2 months
2. NOPE
  1. Lincolnshire rising lasted only 10 days. People were scared of Henry, as the chancellor of the bishop was murdered
  2. People were against Cromwell and policy, not Henry himself
  3. In the Lincolnshire rising, people ran away
  4. It was concentrated in the north. The south is where the power is
  5. No major nobles were involved
  6. Lots of small rebellions with different causes. There was not one goal or one plan
  7. Lasted 2 months - a long time with little result

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PILGRIMAGE OF GRACE

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	Created by Joanna Kerr about 7 years ago