Motivational theories

Taylor's Scientific Management Theory (1856-1917)
1. Workers are mostly motivated by payment (AO1)
2. + Time rate, Salary (AO2)
3. + Examiners marking papers (AO2)
4. - Whether there is a need for money (AO4)
5. - How much workers are paid (AO4)
6. - Closer supervision (AO3)
7. - Less mistakes being made (AO3)
Abraham Maslow Hierarchy of Needs (1908-1970)
1. Workers are motivated by achieving needs, but lower needs must be achieved first (AO1)
2. + Fringe benefits (AO2)
3. + Kellogg's (AO2)
4. - Whether basic needs are met (AO4)
5. - Whether needs are identified correctly (AO4)
6. - Workers will be happier (AO3)
7. - Better communication so less mistakes (AO3)
Elton Mayo Human Relations Management (1880-1949)
1. People desire to be part of a supportive team (AO1)
2. + Teamwork (AO2)
3. + Esso (AO2)
4. - Employees feeling happier (AO3)
5. - Better quality products (AO3)
6. - Whether the people teamed have conflict or not (AO4)
7. - Whether they get distracted easily (AO4)
David McClelland Three Needs Theory (1917-1998)
1. Motivation is affected by achievements, affiliation and power needs (AO1)
2. + Empowerment, Job enlargement, enrichment (AO2)
3. + Medical profession, higher education (AO2)
4. - Employees becoming more productive (AO3)
5. - A good working environment (AO3)
6. - If employees become too bossy (AO4)
7. - How they make others feel around them (AO4)
Frederick Herzberg The Two-Factor Theory (1923-2000)
1. + Tesco (AO2)
2. + Overtime (AO2)
3. Hygiene factors will lower motivation if not there, but won't raise it. Motivational factors will not lower motivation but can increase it (AO1)
4. - Creates job satisfaction (AO3)
5. - Greater work efficiency (AO3)
6. - What motivational factors are put in place (AO4)
7. - Whether they meet the needs of the employees (AO4)

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Motivational theories

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