Example 1
---------------
Potassium ion for
intravenous drips
should be
administered at
0.04 moll-1. How
many ml of 1.0
moll-1 of
concentrated
solution should be
made up to 0.5l to
obtain the correct
concentration?
Answer
Example 2
---------------
What volume
0.5moll-1 sodium
carbonate is
required to make,
by dilution of
water, one litre of
a solution with a
Na+(aq)
concentration
0.2moll-1?
Answer
Principals Of Chemical
Reactions
Balanced Chemical Equation = Stoicheometric Equation
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS
Uses stoichiomteric equations to establish amount of a
given element compound in a sample
VOLUMETRIC ANALYSIS
VOLUME
Determine the concentration of a solution using a STANDARD SOLUTION
Standard solutions prepared from PRIMARY STANDARD
Properties of a Primary Standard
Common Primary Standards
ACID/BASE TITRATION
C1V1P1 = C2V2P2
Example 1
----------------
What is the
concentration of
citric acid ( a
triprotic acid) in
lemon juice if 10ml
of the juice requires
12.0ml of 0.050
moll-1 sodium
hydroxide for
complete
neutralisation.
Answer
C1V1/n1 =
C2V2/n2
Example 2
------------ Flask
contains 52.5ml
of 0.15moll-1
calcium hydroxide,
Ca(OH)2. How
many ml of
0.35ml sodium
carbonate
(Na2CaO3¬) are
required to react
completely with
the calcium
hydroxide?
Answer
Calculate unknown concentration of acid or base
Colour change
= Endpoint
(Indicator)
REDOX TITRATION
C1V1/n1 = C2V2/n2
Example
Answer
Acidified Potassium
Permanganate commonly used
(SELF indicator)