Deterrence: inhibition of
first strike nuclear attack
by effective retaliatory or
second-strike capability
terrorism
threat or use of violence
to change an existing
political order
narco-terrorism
alliance of drug traffickers &
antigovernment revolutionaries,
used in reference to political
violence in Colombia
Blends political ideology of the
FARC with financial interests of
drug lords
EUROPE
historical definition: roman empire
brought judeo-christian tradition in
first millennium CE, Renaissance in
Italy, Reformation in Germany,
Enlightenment, Spanish Monarchy in
1492=New World
geographic definition: extends from tip of
Norway to Gibraltar in SW and Bosporus in
the E, and Iceland in Atlantic to Ural
Mountains in central Russia
political definition:
divided into 2 camps
(NATO and Warsaw)
NATO: Western European countries
with democratic govs, capitalism,
and military alliance with US/Canada
Warsaw Pact (1955): formed by
Soviet Union's satellite
states in Eastern Europe
Yugoslavia unaligned
despite communist
economic definition:
synonymous with
membership in the
EU
cultural definition: cultural
influences from Mediterranean
area, ancient civilizations of
Egypt, Palestine, Greece, and
Rome
Christian; large Jewish population until
Holocaust; Balkan Slavs are orthodox,
Slavic/Hungarian Roman Catholics;
Protestantism in norther/eastern Germany,
England and Scandinavia
European Social Democracy
combines free
market econ w/
social benefits and
gov regulation
EU countries provide: universal healthcare,
generous unemployment and pension benefits,
nearly free higher education, and subsidized
election campaigns, some national govs own
airlines, railways, and other major industries
European Independence Movements
Catalonia seeks
sovereignty from Spain
Basque terror group Euskadi
Ta Askatasuna (ETA) has
sought independence of the
northern Basque region from
Spain
Irish Republican Army (IRA)
fought for end of British rule
in N. Ireland and unification
of Republic of Ireland
World Bank
loans for econ dev
IMF
keeps
currencies
stable
General Agreement on
Tariffs (GATT)
provides framework for
reducing barriers to
create freer trade
between states
turned into WTO
Arbitrating international
trade disputes and further
lowering trade barriers
Marshall Plan
US financial aid
program - $13
billion
Helped
jump-start
western
european
countries after
WWII
Economic recovery
ended in 1950s and
ended Communist
movement threat
First step toward
Western
European
economic
integration
US saw econ cooperation with W.
Europe as a way to create a
community of free-market
economies and liberal democracies
as a counterweight to Soviets
ASIA
Newly Industrialized Countries
Singapore, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and
South Korea
Models of State Formation
Japan: democratic, conservative
China: communist
freedoms, human rights remain an issue
Social Issues
level of population growth, urbanization
Central Asia
landlocked, emerged from Soviet control
after the breakup of Soviet Union in 1991
Uzbekistan,
Turkmenistan,
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,
and Tajikistan
Most of the people
are Turkic, relatives
of the modern Turks
in Turkey