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118124
Biology
Description
GCSE Biology Mind Map on Biology, created by Alfie Ross on 01/06/2013.
No tags specified
biology
biology
gcse
Mind Map by
Alfie Ross
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
Alfie Ross
about 11 years ago
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Resource summary
Biology
Health
Diet
Balance
Protein
Fats
Carbohydrates
Excercise
Metabolic rate
Speed at which you use energy
Affected by gender
Affected by weight
Affected by age
Affected by genetics
illness
Bacteria
Antibiotics
Kill/prevent growth of bacteria
Alexander Flemming discovered penicillin in 1928
Penicillin
Breaks down cell walls
eryothromicin
Stops protein synthesis
ciprofolxacin
Prevents DNA replication
MRSA
Uh-oh
Some bacteria grow RESISTANT
Antibiotics kill weak bacteria, strong ones live on and reproduce
Population increases
Avoid unnecessary use of antibiotics
ALWAYS finish course
Infections
Food poisoning
Cholera
Whooping cough
Typhoid
Bacteria can be grown in labs
In petri dishes
Grown in nutrient agar Jelly
Viruses
Reproduce inside cells, Burst cells, take over other cells
Influenza
Colds/Flus
Measles, Mumps and Rubella
Chicken Pox
Aids
Immunity
Vaccinations
Involves putting small amount of inactive pathogen into body
Pathogens may be treated, dead, or just such a tiny amount it is harmless
Inactive pathogen acts as antigen
Body is stimulated to create antibodies
If body is later affected by similar pathogen, specific antibodies ready made
Speeds up killing of pathogens
If people are vaccinated, they are immunised
Prevents spreading of disease
Defence
White Blood Cells
Ingest pathogens
Produce antibodies specific to pathogen
Produce antitoxins to counteract toxins from pathrogens
Antibodies
Pathogens produce antigens- chemicals foreign to body
Lymphocites produce antibodies
Antibodies bind to pathogens and destroy them
Antibodies coat pathogens to make them ingestible by Phagocytes
Phagocytes and Lymphocytes are white blood cells
Antigens stimulate body to create antibodies
Hygeine
Ignaz semelweiss
Discovers importance of washing hands in hopsitals
Hormones and nervous system
Nerves
Receptors
Detect stimuli
Sensitive to chnages in environment
Central Nervous System
Brain and Spine
Receptor is stimulated
Sensory neurones carry signals to CNS
Relay neurones carry signals around CNS
Motor neurones carry from CNS to effectors
Hormones
Homeostasis
Maintenance of a constant internal environment
In plants
Phototropism
Positive- grows towards light
Negatvie - grows away from light
This is because of gravitropism
Auxins make things grow longer
In a plant, auxins are found in the shaded side of the stem
Shaded side grows longer than lite side
PLant grows towards light
PLant hormones can be used as weed killers
They speed up growth
The weed grows too much and dies
Different parts of body produce hormones for Homeostasis
FSH- causes egg to mature in womb and stimulates oestrogen release
Oestrogen- stops FSH so only one egg per cycle and stimulates LH release
LH gets rid of mature egg from ovary
'The pill' controls contraceptive hormones
Increase in oestrogen levels prevents eggs forming
Adaptations
Environment
Large area keeps you cool
Large volume keeps you warm
Lichens
Crusty lichens can survive in polluted areas
Bushy lichens need clean air
Water pollution
Can be detected by observing types of animals there
Animals less used to polluted environment wil be found in clean water
Food Chains
More Prey= More food= More predators=Less Prey=Less Predators=More Prey
Producers (planst)
Primary Consumers (Sheep)
Secondary consumers (lions)
predators
can also be prey
Energy decreases as you go up the food chain
used in respiration
Lost in waste- poo
Biomass also decreases
e.g. 1000 caterpillars weigh less than the single tree they feed off
prey
Scavengers- eat already dead
Drugs
testing
tested on cells in labs
Tested on animals
Clinical trials
Double blind trials
Use placebo (fake) pills
ensure effect is not psycological
Thalidomide
Morning sickness pill
caused birth defects
now used for leprosy
Evolution
Darwin's 'opposition' was Lamark
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