Copy and Edit

Cancer Chemotherapy

Description

step 1 Pharmacology Mind Map on Cancer Chemotherapy, created by Jeff Amos on 26/08/2014.
Jeff Amos
Mind Map by Jeff Amos, updated more than 1 year ago
Jeff Amos
Created by Jeff Amos over 10 years ago
109
2
0

Resource summary

Cancer Chemotherapy
  1. Principles
    1. indicated for cancers that are not amenable to surgery or radiation therapy
      1. supplemental treatment to prevent metastasis following surgery or radiation
        1. Log Kill Hypothesis
          1. first order kinetics
            1. kills constant fraction of cancer cells
            2. Mechanisms
              1. Interfere with cell proliferation or promote apoptosis
                1. Inhibit DNA synthesis or alter DNA structure
                  1. Cell-Cycle Specific or Cell-Cycle Nonspecific
                  2. Combination Therapy
                    1. Principles of Drug Selection
                      1. individual anticancer activities
                        1. different mechanisms of action
                          1. different toxicities
                          2. Advantages
                            1. provide maximal killing with lower toxicity
                              1. Effective against heterogeneous cell populations
                                1. Reduces chance of resistance clones
                                2. Examples
                                  1. ABVD
                                    1. CHOP
                                      1. MOPP
                                        1. CMF
                                          1. FEC
                                        2. Limitations
                                          1. Drug Resistance
                                            1. Toxicities
                                          2. Alkylating Agents
                                            1. cell cycle non-specific
                                              1. Mechanism of Action
                                                1. produce strong electrophiles through the formation of carbonium or ethyleneiomonium ion intermediates
                                                  1. forms covalent linkage by alkylaation of nucleophilic moieties present in DNA
                                                  2. Binds to **N7 of guanine, N1 + N3 A, N3 C, O6 G
                                                  3. Resistance
                                                    1. decreased permeability
                                                      1. increased rates of metabolism
                                                        1. enhanced DNA repair
                                                          1. Increased production of glutathione
                                                            1. inactivates alkylating agents
                                                          2. Nitrogen Mustards
                                                            1. Mechlorethamine
                                                              1. Therapeutics
                                                                1. Hodgkin's Lymphoma (MOPP)
                                                                  1. cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma
                                                                  2. Toxicity
                                                                    1. nausea and vomiting
                                                                      1. myelosuppression
                                                                    2. Cyclophosphamide and Ifosfamide
                                                                      1. Therapeutics
                                                                        1. C: ALL, CLL, non-Hodgkin's, breast, lung, ovarian
                                                                          1. I: sarcoma and testicular
                                                                          2. Toxicity
                                                                            1. Nausea, vomiting, myelosuppression
                                                                              1. Hemorrhagic Cystitis
                                                                                1. acrolein in urine
                                                                                  1. treat with hydration and MESNA
                                                                            2. Nitrosoureas
                                                                              1. Carmustine and Lomustine
                                                                                1. lipophilic
                                                                                  1. cross the blood-brain barrier
                                                                                  2. Toxicity
                                                                                    1. Nausea, vomiting, myelosuppression
                                                                                      1. Renal Toxicity
                                                                                        1. Pulmonary Fibrosis
                                                                                    2. Triazenes
                                                                                      1. Dacarbazine and Temozolomide
                                                                                        1. Therapeutic Uses
                                                                                          1. D: ABVD, Hodgkin's Disease, malignant Melanoma
                                                                                            1. T: malignant gliomas, combo with radiation therapy
                                                                                            2. Toxicity
                                                                                              1. Nausea, vomiting, myelosuppression
                                                                                                1. Flu-like symptoms (fever, fatigue)
                                                                                            3. Platinum Analogs
                                                                                              1. Cisplatin, Carboplatin, Oxaliplatin
                                                                                                1. No carbonium ion intermediates
                                                                                                  1. covalently bind to nucleophilic sites
                                                                                                  2. Therapeutics
                                                                                                    1. Cis: testicular, ovarian, cervical, bladder, head and neck, lung, combos
                                                                                                      1. Carb: ovarian
                                                                                                        1. Ox: gastric and colorectal (with 5-FU)
                                                                                                        2. Toxicity
                                                                                                          1. Cis: renal toxicity, ototoxicity, peripheral neuropathy
                                                                                                            1. Carb: myelosuppression
                                                                                                              1. Ox: peripheral sensory neuropathy (cold induced acute peripheral neuropathy), neutropenia
                                                                                                        3. Antimetabolities
                                                                                                          1. Mechanism
                                                                                                            1. structural analogs of endogenous metabolites
                                                                                                              1. replace and compete with nucleotides
                                                                                                              2. Cell-Cycle specific Drugs
                                                                                                                1. Folate Analogs
                                                                                                                  1. Methotrexate
                                                                                                                    1. folic acid anatagonist
                                                                                                                      1. inhibits dihydrofolate reductase
                                                                                                                        1. Required for thymidine and purine biosynthesis
                                                                                                                      2. Therapeutics
                                                                                                                        1. ALL
                                                                                                                          1. Burkitt's Lymphoma
                                                                                                                            1. Breast, ovary, head and neck, bladder
                                                                                                                              1. Cannot penetrate the CNS
                                                                                                                                1. Osteosarcoma
                                                                                                                                2. Toxicity
                                                                                                                                  1. Myelosuppression and spontaneous hemorrhage
                                                                                                                                    1. oral ulceration and stomatitis
                                                                                                                                      1. Renal toxicity through crystallization
                                                                                                                                        1. Hepatotoxicity
                                                                                                                                          1. Defective oogenesis or spermatogenesis
                                                                                                                                          2. Mechanism of resistance
                                                                                                                                            1. reduced drug uptake
                                                                                                                                              1. Decreased affinity of DHFR
                                                                                                                                                1. Increased production of DHFR
                                                                                                                                              2. Pemetrexed
                                                                                                                                                1. Targets DHFR and thymidylate synthase
                                                                                                                                                  1. Used for colon, pancreatic, mesothelioma and non-small cell lung
                                                                                                                                                2. Pyrimidine Analogs
                                                                                                                                                  1. 5-Fluorouracil
                                                                                                                                                    1. pro-drug conversion to 5-FdUMP and 5-FdUTP
                                                                                                                                                      1. inhibits thymidylate synthetase (blocks synthesis of thymidine)
                                                                                                                                                        1. incorporates into RNA, interferes with function
                                                                                                                                                        2. Therapeutics
                                                                                                                                                          1. breast, colorectal, gastric, head and neck, cervical and pancreatic cancer
                                                                                                                                                            1. Topical to treat basal cell carcinomas
                                                                                                                                                              1. Capecitabine
                                                                                                                                                                1. metastatic breast and colorectal cancer
                                                                                                                                                                  1. 5'-dFdU
                                                                                                                                                                2. Toxicity
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Gastric toxicity (why it is IV)
                                                                                                                                                                    1. anorexia and nausea, myelosuppression
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Hand-Foot Syndrome
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Cardiac Toxicity
                                                                                                                                                                      2. Cytarabine
                                                                                                                                                                        1. analog of 2'-deoxycytidine
                                                                                                                                                                          1. converted to Ara-CMP, then Ara-CTP
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Competes with dCTP
                                                                                                                                                                          2. Therapeutics
                                                                                                                                                                            1. AML
                                                                                                                                                                              1. ALL and CLL
                                                                                                                                                                              2. Toxicity
                                                                                                                                                                                1. myelosuppression and GI tract toxicity
                                                                                                                                                                                2. S-phase specific
                                                                                                                                                                                3. Gemcitabine
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. analog of deoxycytidine
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. altered to dFdCMP then dFdCDP or dFdCTP
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. inhibits DNA sythesis
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. dFdCDP inhibits ribonucleotide reductase
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. dFdCTP causes DNA synthesis termination
                                                                                                                                                                                      2. cell cycle nonspecific
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Therapeutics
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. pancreatic cancer
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. non-small cell lung cancer, ovarian, bladder, esophageal, head and neck
                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Toxicities
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Myelosuppression
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Flu like symptoms
                                                                                                                                                                                            3. Purine Analogs
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. 6-Mercaptopurine
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. reduces purine levels, inhibiting DNA and RNA synthesis
                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. metabolized by HGPRT to TIMP
                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. blocks first step in purine synthesis
                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. blocks AMP and xanthinylic acid from inosinic acid
                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. converted to thio-guanine ribonucleotides
                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. inhibit DNA and RNA synthesis
                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Therapeutics
                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. ALL
                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Toxicities
                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. bone marrow suppression
                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. hepatotoxicity from prolonged use
                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Allopurinol use
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. blocks xanthine oxidase
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. causes elevated levels of mercaptopurine
                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Mechanism of Resistance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. reduced conversion of 6-MP to active nucleotide (decreased expression of HGRPT)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. decreased drug transport
                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. DNA Intercalating Agents
                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. AKA anti-tumor antibiotics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. from Streptomyces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. DNA through intercalation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. block DNA and RNA synthesis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. causes DNA strand breaks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Dactinomycin
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Mechanism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. intercalates between G-C forming dactinomycin-DNA complex
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. interferes with DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. single strand breaks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Therapeutics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. pediatric tumors: Wilm's tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Toxcitiy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Severe hematopoietic suppression with pancytopenia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. GI symptoms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Anthracyclins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. reduce intermediates that donate electrons, forming superoxide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. forms destructive hydroxyl radical that cleaves DNA
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Toxicity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. irreversible dose-limiting cardiotoxicity (cardiomyopathy)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Myelosuppression and GI symptoms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Therapeutics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Daunorubicin and Idarubicin
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. AML
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Doxorubicin
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. sarcomas, breast and lung, malignant lymphomas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Epirubicin
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. metastatic breast cancer and gastric cancer
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            3. Bleomycin
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Mechanism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. contains 2 copper chelating peptides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. forms free radicals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. causes single and double strand breaks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Acts during G2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  3. Therapeutics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. testicular tumors (with vinblastine or etoposide)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. squamous cell carcinomas and lymphomas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Toxicity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. minimally myelo- and immunosuppressive
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. used in combination with other drugs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Pulmonary Toxicity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Cutaneous toxicity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Hyperthermia, headache, nausea, vomiting
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          3. Microtubule Inhibitors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. block assembly and disassembly of MTs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. functions in metaphase
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Vinca Alkaloids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Vinblastine and Vincrstine
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Mechanism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. bind to tubulin and block ability to polymerize
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Therapeutics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Vinblastine
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. with Bleomycin and cisplatin for metastatic testicular cancers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Part of ABVD (adriamycin [doxorubicin], bleomycin, vinblastine and dacarbazine)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Hodgkin's Lymphoma
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Vincristine
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. with glucocorticoids for childhood ALL
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (MOPP)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Toxicity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Vinblastine
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. myelosuppresion, GI
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Vincristine
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Dose-limiting neurotoxicity (peripheral neuropathy)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. low toxicity in the bone
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Taxanes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Mechanism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. promote polymerization and stabilize MTs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. prevent breakdown
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Therapeutics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Paclitaxel and Docetaxel
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. metastatic breast, ovarian, lung, head and neck.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Docetaxel
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. hormone-refractory prostate cancer
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        3. Toxicity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Neutropenia, peripheral neuropathy, hypersensitivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Topoisomerase Inhibitors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Topoisomerase mediate DNA strand breakage and resealing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Topo I breaks and seals single stranded
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Topo II breaks and seals double stranded DNA
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Epipodophyllotoxins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Etoposide and Teniposide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Mechanism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. inhibit Topo II, causing DNA damage
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. semisynthetics of podophyllotoxin
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Therapeutics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Etoposide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. testicular carcinoma, lung cancer, non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Teniposide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. ALL
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        3. Toxicity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. dose-limiting myelosuppression (neutropenia)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Oral Mucositis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4. Camptothecin Analogs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Mechanism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. inhibit Topo I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Therapeutics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Irinotecan
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. advanced colon cancer
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. lung, ovarian, cervical, brain tumors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Topotecan
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. ovarian and small cell lung cancer
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  3. Toxicity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. severe neutropenia and severe diarrhea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Hormones and Antagoists
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. used for hormone dependent neoplasms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. breast and prostate cancer
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. glucocorticoids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. treat lymphocytic leukemias and lymphomas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Mechanism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. inhibit mitosis in lymphocytes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. no immunosuppression and well tolerated
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Therapeutics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Prednisone
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. ALL
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. part of MOPP and CHOP for Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's, multiple myeloma and CLL
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Dexamethasone
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Dexamethasone
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. in conjuction with radiation therapy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. reduces edema to brain and spinal cord tumors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  3. Estrogen antagonists
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. breast cancer
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Androgen antagonists
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. prostate cancer
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Selective Estrogen-Receptor Modulators
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Tamoxifen
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. competes with estradiol for ER binding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Therapeutics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. ER-positive metastatic breast cancer or adjuvant therapy following primary breast tumor excision
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. prevention of breast cancer in high-risk patients
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Toxicity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. hot flushes, hair loss, nausea, vomiting
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. increase risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                3. Selective Estrogen-Receptor Downregulators
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Fulvestrant
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Mechanism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. binds to ER, preventing dimerization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Reduces number of ER molecules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Therapeutics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. postmenopausal women with ER-positive metastatic breast cancer
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Aromatase Inhibitors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. inhibit aromatase enzyme, causing estrogen decrease
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Aminoglutethamide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. weak inhibitor
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. significant toxicity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Anastrozole
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. potent and selective inhibitor
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. ER-positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Prostate Cancer Treatments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Leuprolide (Lupron) and Goserelin (Zoladex)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. GnRH analogs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. inhibit release of LH and FSH
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Decreased Testosterone Production
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Complete androgen ablation therapy involves combination of GnRH analogs and AR blockers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Flutamide and Bicalutamide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. nonsteroidal androgen-receptor blockers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. compete for androgen receptor and prevent its translocation to nucleus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    3. Miscellaneous Agents
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Hydroxyurea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. inhibits ribonucleside diphosphate reductase
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. converts ribonucleosides to deoxyribonucleosides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Therapeutics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. myeloproliferative neoplasms, polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          3. Retinoids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. treats acute promyelocytic leukemia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. induces differentiation in leukemic promyelocytes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Arsenic Trioxide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. treats relapsed APL
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Thalidomide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. treats multiple myeloma and myelodysplastic syndromes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Interferons
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. IF alpha for hairy cell leukemia, CML, AIDS relate Kaposi's sarcoma
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Imatinib
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. inhibits Abl kinase, PDGFR and c-kit
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. treats CML and GI tumor
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Gefitinib and Erlotinib
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. inhibit EGFR tyrosine kinase
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. treats non-small cell lung cancer
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Monoclonal Antibodies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Rituximab
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. targets CD20 B-cell antigen
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Treats non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Trastuzumab
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. antibody against HER2/neu
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. treats HER2/neu-overexpressing breast cancer
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Cetuximab
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. antibody against EGFR1 (ErbB1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. approved for EGFR-positive colorectal cancer
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Show full summary Hide full summary

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Want to create your own Mind Maps for free with GoConqr? Learn more.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Similar

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Hannah Tribe
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Exam 1 Medications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      tera_alise
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Pharmacology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Justin Veazey
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Monoamine pharmacology -Antidepressant drugs - Dr. Emma Robinson
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Anna mph
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Cognition and Dementia - Alzheimer's disease.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Anna mph
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      NCLEX REVIEW MODEL
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Jamie R Pascual
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      General Anaesthetics Part 1 - Steve Fitzjohn
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Anna mph
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      G- Couple Protein Receptors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Has Maj
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Transcription
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Has Maj
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Organelles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Has Maj
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Module 6 chapter 12.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Alannah Mendoza
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Browse Library