11972389
Research
Methods
Week 2
- Theories & Hypotheses
- Fact - a statement about a direct
observation of nature that is so
consistently repeated that virtually
no doubt exists as to its truth value
- Theory - a collection
of statements
(propositions,
hypotheses) that
together attempt to
explain a set of
observed phenomena
- Integrated set of
proposals that
define, explain,
organism interrelate
- proposals that
provide a model of
how observed
phenomena work
- Makes general predictions
upon which specific
hypothesis can be based
- Makes general predictions
upon which specific
hypothesis can be based
- Integrated set of
proposals that
define, explain,
organism interrelate
- proposals that
provide a model of
how observed
phenomena work
- Hypothesis - a clear
but tentative
explanation for an
observed
phenomena
- Hypotheses make specific
predictions and must be
falsifiable, testable and
precisely stated
- Must be
rational -
consistent
with
known
info
- Must be
parsimonious
- is the
explanation
the simplest
possible?
- Must be
rational -
consistent
with
known
info
- Hypotheses make specific
predictions and must be
falsifiable, testable and
precisely stated
- Fact - a statement about a direct
observation of nature that is so
consistently repeated that virtually
no doubt exists as to its truth value
- Constructs vs
variables
- Constructs -
Theoretical concepts
formulated to serve
as causal or
descriptive
explanations - do not
directly indicate a
means by which they
can be tested
- Constructs defines by
theoretical definitions
Variables defined by
operational definitions
- Variables - any
characteristics that
can assume
multiple values e.g
weight, test score -
must be
operational
- Examples of constructs - self
esteem, body image -
variables would be scores on
self esteem test
- Independent variables
- variable that is
manipulated and is
hypothesised to bring
about the change in
the variable of interest
- Dependent
variable -
variable
that is
measured
- Independent variables
- variable that is
manipulated and is
hypothesised to bring
about the change in
the variable of interest
- Constructs -
Theoretical concepts
formulated to serve
as causal or
descriptive
explanations - do not
directly indicate a
means by which they
can be tested
- Subjects Design
- Between Subjects
- exposed to one
level of IV
- Within Subjects
- exposed to all
levels of IV
- Mixed Designs - mixture
of between and within
- Between Subjects
- exposed to one
level of IV
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