12003932
Description
Mind Map by Dominic Weston, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Dominic Weston
almost 7 years ago
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Immune System
- Immune Response
- Defence Mechanisms
- Non specific
- Physical Barrier
- Skin
- Skin
- The Process
- Phagocytes engulf pathogens
- Phagocytosis
- Phagocyte Type of WBC
- Phagocytes eg macrophage in liver
- Phagocyte Type of WBC
- Phagocyte recognises foreign by binding to receptors
- Chemical proporties of pathogens also act as attractants for phagocytes
- Cytoplasm of phagocyte moves around the pathogen to engulf it forming a phagosome
- Pathogen contained in a phagocytic vacuole in the cytoplasm
- Lysosome containing lysozymes fuse with P.vacuole
- Hydrolytic enzymes start to hydrolyse pathogen cell walls
- Soluble products absorbed / removed from cell by exocytosis
- The foreign antigens presented on its cell surface membrane
- Turns into Antigen-presenting cell APC
- Turns into Antigen-presenting cell APC
- The foreign antigens presented on its cell surface membrane
- Soluble products absorbed / removed from cell by exocytosis
- Hydrolytic enzymes start to hydrolyse pathogen cell walls
- Lysosome containing lysozymes fuse with P.vacuole
- Pathogen contained in a phagocytic vacuole in the cytoplasm
- Cytoplasm of phagocyte moves around the pathogen to engulf it forming a phagosome
- Chemical proporties of pathogens also act as attractants for phagocytes
- Antigen-presenting phagocytes activate helper T cells
- T lymphocyte cell specific receptors bind to Antigens on the APC
- Attachment triggers T lymph cell to divide rapidly by mitosis to form its clone
- Cloned T cells do many things:
- Activate cytotoxic T cells
- Kill abnormal cells (phagocytes) infected by pathogen
- Binds to pathogen to start cell death
- Produces Hydrogen peroxide OR protein (perforin)
- This makes holes in cell-surface membrane
- Resulting in cell death
- Resulting in cell death
- This makes holes in cell-surface membrane
- Produces Hydrogen peroxide OR protein (perforin)
- Binds to pathogen to start cell death
- Kill abnormal cells (phagocytes) infected by pathogen
- T helper cells
- Stimulate B cells
- Stimulate B cells
- T-memory cells
- Remembers specific antigen of pathogen
- Remembers specific antigen of pathogen
- Activate cytotoxic T cells
- Cloned T cells do many things:
- Attachment triggers T lymph cell to divide rapidly by mitosis to form its clone
- T lymphocytes activate B lymphocytes
- Another type of WBC
- B-Plasma cells release more antibodies into blood
- Identical to B cell (clones)
- Secrete many specific antibodies
- Monoclonal antibodies
- Monoclonal antibodies
- Secrete many specific antibodies
- Responsible for immediate defence
- Production of anitbodies and memory cells
- Primary Immune Response
- Primary Immune Response
- Production of anitbodies and memory cells
- B-Memory Cells keep antibodies
- B-memory cell remembers
- specific antibody for 2nd response
- specific antibody for 2nd response
- B-memory cell remembers
- Identical to B cell (clones)
- B cells covered in antibodies
- Antibodies bind to their specific antigens or receptors on T cell
- Forms antigen-antibody complex
- This process and helper T cells activates B cells
- Activated B cells divide into plasma cells
- Activated B cells divide into plasma cells
- Forms antigen-antibody complex
- Antibodies bind to their specific antigens or receptors on T cell
- B cells can also be a APC
- Antibody on B cell surface fits to complementary foreign antigen
- Antigen enters B cell by endocytosis and is presented
- T cell binds to presented antigen
- Activates B cell to divide
- Process called clonal selection
- Process called clonal selection
- Activates B cell to divide
- T cell binds to presented antigen
- Antigen enters B cell by endocytosis and is presented
- Antibody on B cell surface fits to complementary foreign antigen
- Another type of WBC
- T lymphocyte cell specific receptors bind to Antigens on the APC
- Phagocytosis
- Phagocytes engulf pathogens
- Physical Barrier
- Specific
- Cell-mediated response
- T lymphocytes (T cells)
- Type of WBC
- Recognising "self"
- Fetus
- Lymphocytes collide with self material exclusively
- Any lymphocytes that receptors fit with self material die or are suppressed
- Any lymphocytes that receptors fit with self material die or are suppressed
- Lymphocytes collide with self material exclusively
- Adult
- Lymphocytes produced in bone marrow
- They initially only encounter self-antigens
- Any that show immune response to self-antigens undergo apoptosis (cell death)
- This eliminates any clones of these before they appear in the blood
- This eliminates any clones of these before they appear in the blood
- Any that show immune response to self-antigens undergo apoptosis (cell death)
- They initially only encounter self-antigens
- Lymphocytes produced in bone marrow
- Fetus
- Recognising "self"
- Type of WBC
- T lymphocytes (T cells)
- Humoral response
- B lymphocytes (B cells)
- B lymphocytes (B cells)
- Cell-mediated response
- Non specific
- Cell Recognition
- Antigens
- Proteins
- Variety and specific structures cause many combination
- Variety and specific structures cause many combination
- Membrane-bound protein, WBC can identify antigens determine self or foreign
- Proteins
- Identifying the body's own cells and molecules
- "self"
- "self"
- Identifiying foregin cells and molecules
- "non-self"
- "non-self"
- Antigens
- Foreign antigens trigger an immune response
- Defence Mechanisms
- Antibodies
- Protein with quaternary structure
- Arms of antibodies bind to antigens of different pathogens
- Clumps pathogens together (agglutination)
- Effective as
- Limits the spread of the pathogen
- Spread of pathogen around the body
- Spread of pathogen around the body
- Clumps for effective phagocytosis
- Limits the spread of the pathogen
- Effective as
- Clumps pathogens together (agglutination)
- Arms of antibodies bind to antigens of different pathogens
- Protein with quaternary structure
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