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Lipids
Description
A2 Biology (Section 1) Mind Map on Lipids, created by Dominic Weston on 13/02/2018.
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biology
section 1
a2
Mind Map by
Dominic Weston
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
Dominic Weston
over 6 years ago
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Resource summary
Lipids
Test for Lipids
Emulsion Test
Add ethanol to sample in a test tube
Shake test tube
Add to water and any lipid shows as a milky emulsion
More lipid equals more noticeable milky colour
Intro
Main groups are triglycerides and phospholipids
Insoluble in water
Soluble in alcohols and acetone
Triglycerides
Structure
Triglycerides are molecule of glycerol and three fatty acids
Fatty acid "tail" of triglyceride are hydrophobic - repel water molecules
This makes lipids insoluble in water
Formation
Glycerol and fatty acids combine by condensation reactions
Forms an ester bond
Hydrolysis therefore produces glycerol and three fatty acids
Fatty acid chains can be saturated / unsaturated
Saturated, no double C-C bonds
Mono-unsaturated, one double bond
Polyunsaturated, more than one double bond
Unsaturated causes chain to bend
Bend in the chain means they can not pack closely together
Causes them to be liquid at room temp e.g. they are oils
Function
Mainly used for energy storage
Long tails contain many bonds that release chemical energy when broken down
Contain more energy than carbohydrates
Phospholipids
Structure
Phospholipids similar to triglycerides as one fatty acid is replaced by a phoshate group
Polar molecule, phosphate end attacts water and fatty acids repel water
Function
Forms a bilayer for cell membranes forming a hydrophobic barrier between outside and inside a cell
Water soluble substances cant pass through
Helps form glycolipids by combining phosphate group on membrane with carbs
Important for cell recognition
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