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12628674
C1 - Atomic Structure & The Periodic Table
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An example of how to start your mind map
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somervale
c1
chemistry
gcse
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Mr D Richards
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Created by
Mr D Richards
over 6 years ago
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Resource summary
C1 - Atomic Structure & The Periodic Table
Structure of the Atom
Mass
Proton = 1
Neutron = 1
Electron - very small
Charge
Proton = 1+
Electron = 1-
Neutron = 0
Structure
Protons and neutrons in the tiny nucleus at the centre
Electrons in shells around the nucleus
2 in 1st shell, 8 in 2nd shell, 8 in 3rd shell
electrons drawn in NESW, then double up!
Isotopes
Same number of protons, different number of neutrons
Relative Atomic Mass (RAM)
(mass of 1st isotope x abundance) + (mass of 2nd isotope x abundance) / 100
The Periodic Table
Newlands
arranged elements in order of atomic mass
Noted similar chemical reactivity in every 8th element
BUT mixed metals and non metals and had two elements in one space
Mendeleev
Arranged the elements in order of mass
Realised that some elements did not fit the pattern of reactivity
he left gaps for elements that had not yet been discovered
Later, elements were discovered that fit the gaps
Groups
Group 1
Lithium (Li), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Rubidium (Rb), Caesium (Cs)
The reactivity XXcreases as you go _____ the group
The Alkali Metals
Stored in oil because they react with oxygen and water very quickly
Reaction with water
Lithium
fizzed, crimson red flame
Sodium
fizzed, melted, yellow-orange flame
Potassium
fizzed, caught fire, exploded! lilac flame
Group 7
The Halogens
Chlorine
A green gas
The reactivity XXcreases as you go _____ the group
Fluorine (F)
Bromine
An orange brown liquid
Fluorine
A pale yellow gas
Iodine
A grey solid (and a purple gas)
Group 0
Very unreactive because they have a full outer shell of electrons
Density XXcreases as you go _____ the group
Size of atom XXcreases as you go _____ the group
Columns
Metals and Non-metals
Metals to the left of the staircase line, non-metals to the right
Separating Mixtures
Filtration
Separates an insoluble solid from a liquid
Equipment
Funnel, Filter paper, conical flask
Residue
the solid left in the filter paper
Filtrate
the liquid that passes through the filter paper
Crystallisation
Separates a soluble solid from a liquid
Equipment
Evaporating basin, an electric heater
Evaporation
the liquid turns to a gas and leaves crystals of the solid behind
Chromatography
Separates inks & food colours
Stationary phase
Paper
Mobile phase
Solvent ( Water )
Rf value
height of spot / height of solvent front
Distillation
Separates two liquids with different Boiling Points
Equipment
Round bottomed flask, heat, condenser, beaker
Evaporation of one liquid happens in the round bottomed flask.
The vapour condenses in the condenser and collects in the beaker
The other liquid doesn't evaporate and stays in the round bottomed flask
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