12734892
Description
Mind Map by Mariam Alzaabi, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Mariam Alzaabi
over 6 years ago
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Swelling in the Leg
- Anatomy of the thigh
- Posterior Compartment
- Biceps femoris
- Semi-tendinosus
- Semi-membranosus
- Nerve: Sciatic
- Biceps femoris
- Anterior Compartment
- Flexors
- Iliopsoas
- Pectineus
- Sartorius
- Iliopsoas
- Extensors
- Quadriceps femoris
- Quadriceps femoris
- Nerve: femoral
- Flexors
- Medial Compartment
- Gracialis
- Adductor longus
- Obturator externus
- Nerve: Obturator
- Gracialis
- Proximal Tibia and Fibula
- Patella
- Posterior Compartment
- Bone Development
- The process of bone formation is called ossification
- Intramembranous Ossificiation
- Endochondral Ossification
- Intramembranous Ossificiation
- The process of bone formation is called ossification
- Tumors in bone and
cartilage
- Primary bone tumors
- Benign
- Osteoma
- Chondroma
- Rhabdomyoma
- Osteoma
- Malignant
- chondrosarcoma
- Osteosarcoma
- Rhabdomyosarcoma
- chondrosarcoma
- Benign
- Differences
- Bone forming tumors
- Osteoma
- Osteoblastoma
- Osteoid Osteoma
- Osteosarcoma
- Malignant tumor of mesenchymal cells characterized by direct
formation of osteoid or bone matrix by direct formation of osteoid or
bone matrix by the tumor cells
- Primary osteosarcoma
- Most common malignancy in children
- Males > females
- mutations in retinoblastoma gene, P53
- Sites
- lower end femur
- upper end tibia
- proximal humerus
- proximal femur
- lower end femur
- Skip lesions
- They represent areas of an osteosarcoma that
are not connected to the primary tumor
- They represent areas of an osteosarcoma that
are not connected to the primary tumor
- Most common malignancy in children
- Secondary osteosarcoma
- Common in old age
- Sites
- flat bones > long bones
- flat bones > long bones
- existing bone lesions
- Paget’s disease of bone
- Bone infarct
- Chronic osteomyelitis
- Paget’s disease of bone
- Metastatic bone tumors
- These areas have a rich slow blood supply in their
red marrow which makes it the perfect site for the
growth of metastatic tumor cells
- proximal femur
- proximal humerus
- Axial skeleton which includes
vertebral column, pelvis, ribs,
skull
- proximal femur
- These areas have a rich slow blood supply in their
red marrow which makes it the perfect site for the
growth of metastatic tumor cells
- Common in old age
- Primary osteosarcoma
- Histology
- Malignant tumor of mesenchymal cells characterized by direct
formation of osteoid or bone matrix by direct formation of osteoid or
bone matrix by the tumor cells
- Osteoma
- Management
- Surgery
- Limb Saving Surgery
- Limb sparing surgery is the procedure of removing the
cancer without removing the affected arm or leg and the
replacement with prosthetic or other bone
- Complications
- Infection
- Prosthetic Fracture
- Pathologic fracture
- Infection
- Limb sparing surgery is the procedure of removing the
cancer without removing the affected arm or leg and the
replacement with prosthetic or other bone
- Amputation
- Amputation is a type of surgery where a surgeon
removes part or all of a limb and replaces it with a
prosthetic device
- Complications
- Phantom Pain
- Depression
- Skin Breakdown
- Phantom Pain
- Complications
- Amputation is a type of surgery where a surgeon
removes part or all of a limb and replaces it with a
prosthetic device
- Consent
- Capacity for consent
- Make a free choice
- Understand the consequences
- Understand the complications and risks
- Being aware of the procedure
- Make a free choice
- Capacity for consent
- Limb Saving Surgery
- Chemotherapy
- the use of drugs to treat cancer
- Types
- Neo-Adjuvant Chemotherapy: administration of
antineoplastic drugs prior to surgery to shrink the
tumor size and decrease it’s vascularity.
- Adjuvant Chemotherapy: the use of antineoplastic
drugs when surgery or radiation has eradicated the
primary tumor
- Primary Chemotherapy: the use of
antineoplastic alone for metastic or
inoperable tumors
- Neo-Adjuvant Chemotherapy: administration of
antineoplastic drugs prior to surgery to shrink the
tumor size and decrease it’s vascularity.
- Complications
- Nausea and vomiting
- Loss of appetite
- Hair loss
- Mouth sores
- Nausea and vomiting
- Types
- the use of drugs to treat cancer
- Radiotherapy
- Surgery
- Psychological Aspects
- Emotional Reaction
- Emotional Reaction
- Primary bone tumors
- Physical Examination
- Look
- Feel
- Move
- Special Tests
- Thomas Test
- Trendelenberg's sign
- Thomas Test
- Imaging tests
- X-rays
- MRI
- CT Scan
- PET Scan
- Radioisotopic
- Diagnosis
- Biopsy
- Needle Biopsy
- Open biopsy
- Needle Biopsy
- Biopsy
- X-rays
- Look
- Grading and Staging
- Grading
- its explains the level of aggressiveness of a tumor
based on the cytologic features of the tumor cells
- mitotic activity
- nuclear pleomorphism
- degree of differentiation
- mitotic activity
- its explains the level of aggressiveness of a tumor
based on the cytologic features of the tumor cells
- Staging
- Assessment of the spread of the malignant tumor
in the body based on clinical and radiographic
finding
- Imaging tests
- Laboratory tests
- Pathology reports
- Imaging tests
- Assessment of the spread of the malignant tumor
in the body based on clinical and radiographic
finding
- Other systems
- TNM System
- TNM System
- Grading
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