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13341961
Norman Castles - Military fortresses or Status symbols?
Description
GCSE Norman Conquest Mind Map on Norman Castles - Military fortresses or Status symbols?, created by Tom Lea on 18/04/2018.
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ocr #gcse #history #nomanconquest
norman conquest
gcse
Mind Map by
Tom Lea
, updated 6 months ago
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Created by
Tom Lea
over 6 years ago
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Resource summary
Norman Castles - Military fortresses or Status symbols?
What was new about Norman castles?
Saxon burgh-geats
Built by thegns
e.g. Goltho in Lincolnshire
Key features
Defensive ditches
Earth bank
palisade on top
gate houses
used to show status - bigger = more important
wooden buildings inside to live in
NOT called castles
Norman word
First castles in England
Built by Edward the Confessor's Norman friends
3 built before 1066
Richard's Castle, Hereford Castle & Ewyas Castle
Motte and Baileys
Invasion
Used old Roman fortifications at Pevensey - added an earth bank and palisade in one corner
no motte
Built castle at Hastings
Motte and Bailey
Shown on the Bayeux Tapestry
After the Battle of Hastings
Following battle Will built castles along his route to London - Dover, Newbury, Oxford
Arrived in London - Started work on T of L
Where were Norman Castles built and what did they look like?
1068-1071: The rebellion years
Castles built in/near places that rebelled
Warwick
Nottingham
York
Most important city in north
Exeter - Rougemont
Castles built to protect road to North
Lincoln
Cambridge
Huntingdon
Other castle builders
Robert of Mortain (Will's half brother)
Montacute Castle
William FitzOsborn
Will's BFF
made Earl of Hereford
Built castles on border with Wales
Chepstow Castle
Stone castle
What were the castles like?
Most motte & bailey
Most made of timber
Some just 'ringworks'
Pevensey
Few made of stone
Chepstow, TofL
Approx 35 Castles built
Way less than after rebellions were over
1071-1087: After the rebellions
Approx 500 castles built
Way more than when rebellions were happening
Most built by Norman barons & knights not by king
Nearly all built in countryside
little military finction so just for status?
What were castles for?
Military
Castles built near places of rebellion - Exeter, York
Castles were built by Norman knights to intimidate peasants and keep control
Biggest concentration of castles is on the Welsh-English border
Little jewellery found in excavations = military
e.g. Hen Domen in Wales
Historians disagree - interpretations
Traditional interpretations
All about defence
Revisionist interpretations
More about status
Recent interpretations
Mainly about defence - some use as status symbols
Status
80% built in countryside - not strategic positions
At Castle Acre in Norfolk created a deer park and diverted a Roman road to give good views
Gatehouses often looked like those in Saxon bughs (e.g. Exeter) which were built for status
The Tower of London
The Keep - The White Tower
Entrance on 1st floor
Wooden staircase could be removed
King's apartments on 2nd floor
Fake windows on 'top floor' hide a walkway for patrolling soldiers
Dates
Begun between 1075 and 1079
Finished after William's death in 1087
Built on site of existing Roman defences
River provides protection
Originally built in wood - developed over time
Media attachments
Pevensey Castle J940489 1573535 (binary/octet-stream)
Rougemont Castle (binary/octet-stream)
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