The number of sperm The shape of the sperm The movement of the sperm, also known as “sperm
motility”
Transrectal and scrotal ultrasound
Testicular biopsy
Genetic testing
Management of infertility
Male
Surgery
Altering lifestyle factors
Medications
Sperm retrieval
Female
Stimulating ovulation with fertility drugs
Medications for ovulation
Aromatase inhibitors (Femara or letrozole)
Insulin Sensitizing Agents
Gonadotropines & GnRH Agonists
Intrauterine insemination (IUI)
Surgery to restore fertility
Psychological Impacts and treatments
a disease of the reproductive system defined by the failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12
months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse
Risk factors
Age.
Tobacco use
Alcohol use
Being overweight / underweight
Epidemiology
Stigma
childless women suffer discrimination,
stigma and ostracism
Although male infertility has been found to be the
cause of a couple's failure to conceive in about 50%
of cases, the social burden “falls disproportionately
on women,”
Abnormal sperm production or
function Problems with sperm
delivery Overexposure to certain
environmental factors Damage
related to cancer and its treatment
Temperature regulation
Female reproductive tract anatomy
Physiology of menstruation
Physiology of the female tract
abnormalities lead to
Ovulation disorders Uterine or cervical
abnormalities Fallopian tube damage or
blockage Endometriosis Primary ovarian
insufficiency Pelvic adhesions Cancer and its
treatment
production of eggs
sex hormone regulation
fertilization of eggs
pregnancy maintanence
normal microbiota include
lactobacillus and staphylococcus