Electricity

Electricity

Static Electricity
1. Static means: lacking in movement, action, or change
  1. only moves through discharge (spark, lightning, etc.)
2. useless, dangerous and uncontrollable
3. Laws of Electrical Charges
  1. like charges repel
  2. opposite charges attract
Current Electricity
1. Electricity flows if two conditions are met:
  1. a source
  2. a complete path or circuit
2. Electrical current
  1. Measurements
    1. voltage
      1. measurement of how much electrical energy each charged particle carries
        Measured in volts (V) with voltmeter
      2. V=IxR=V
    2. Resistance (R)
      1. measure of difficulty for electrons to move through a substance
        measured in ohms (omega symbol) with ohmmeter
        Ohm's Law
        as long as temperature stays the same
        resistance of conductor remains constant
        current is directly proportional to voltage applied
        resistance causes heat and light
      2. R=V/I=*omega*
    3. current (I)
      1. steady flow of charged particles
        measured in amperes (A) with ammeter
      2. rheostat/variable resistor controls amount of current
      3. I=V/R=A
    4. Power
      1. rate at which a device converts energy
        P=IxV
        Measured in watts/kilowatts (1000 watts)
        P=I x V
    5. Energy
      1. E=Pxt (time in seconds)
        measured in Joules
        amount of power needed for situation
        4 types
        Chemical
        form of potential or stored energy stored inside chemicals. Released when chemicals react
        Mechanical
        energy posessed by object because of its motion or potential to move
        Thermal
        total kinetic energy in a substance (faster moving particles=more kinetic energy=more thermal energy=warmer)
        Thermocouple
        device that converts thermal energy to electrical
        Electrical
        energy of charged particles
    6. Electrical Cost
      1. Cost=P(kw) x t(hours) x Rate
  2. Cells and Batteries
    1. Batteries
      1. connected cells
        electrolysis
        uses batteries to split molecules back into their elements
        electroplating
        use of electricity to coat an object with a thin layer of metal
        item to be coated and bar of coating metal immersed in liquid electrolyte. Electric source connected between the 2 metals (metal to coat connected to positive electrode). Flow of electricity through electrolyte deposits atoms from positive charged metal to negative charged one
    2. Primary cells
      1. Dry Cells
        use paste electrolytes; electrons released through chemical reaction with metal electrodes
      2. wet cells
        uses acidic liquid electrolyte, which eats away at electrodes, leaving behind electrons
    3. secondary cells
      1. rechargable
      2. reverses chemical reaction by running electricity back through cell using outside electrical source
  3. conductors
    1. electrons are not bound to nuclei-free to move
    2. conduct best when cold-less resistance
  4. insulators
    1. electrons tightly bound to nuclei
  5. Schematics
    1. symbols used in the planning or blue prints of an electrical circuit, each component with a different symbol
  6. Circuits
    1. Series
      1. one circuit with one route
    2. Parallel
      1. One circuit with two route option circuits within it
Is the flow of electrons

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	Created by Bri Pelechytik over 6 years ago