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140356
Muscle
Description
Biology Muscle Mind Map on Muscle, created by dancedrill on 27/06/2013.
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biology muscle
biology muscle
Mind Map by
dancedrill
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
dancedrill
over 11 years ago
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Resource summary
Muscle
Organization
approx 600 skeletal muscles
approx half our body weight
3 kinds of muscle tissue; skeletal, cardiac, smooth
Annotations:
3 kinds of tissue: skeletal, cardiac, smooth
Specialized for one major purpose: converting chemical energy in ATP into mechanical energy of motion
Myology= the study of the muscular system
Function of Muscle
Movement
Move from place to place, movement of body parts, contents, breathing, circulation, feeding and digestion, defecation, childbirht
Stability:
Maintain posture, prevents unwanted movements. Antigravity muscles-resist pull of gravity stabilize joints
Control of openings and passageway
Sphincters: internal muscular rings control movement of food, bile, blood, and other material
Heat Production
as much as 85% of body heat
Connective Tissue of Muscle
Endomysium
Perimysium
Epimysium
Fascia
sheet of connective tissue that separates neighboring muscles or groups from each other and subcutaneous tissue.
Fibrous sheath surrounding the entire muscle.
outer surface grades into the fascia.
Inner surface sends projections between fascicles to form perimysium.
Slightly thicker layer of connective tissue.
Fascicles: bundles of muscle fibers wrapped in perimysium.
Carry larger nerves and blood vessesls, and stretch receptors.
thin sleeve of loose connective tissue. Surroundes each muscle fiber
Allows room for capillaries and nerve fibers to reach each muscle fiber.
Shapes and classification according to fascicle orientation
Fusiform
Parallel
Triangular (convergent)
Pennate
Circular (sphincters)
ring around body opening
orbicularis oculi, urethral, anal sphincters.
fascicles insert obliquely on a tendon
unipennate, bipennate or multipennate
palmar interosseus, rectus femoris and deltoid
feather shaped
fan-shaped, broad at origin, tapering to a narrower insertion.
pectoralis major, temporalis
Has uniform width and parallel fascicles.
can span longer distances than other shapes.
rectus abdominis, zygomaticus major
thick in middle, tapered at ends
biceps brachii, gastrocnemius
Muscle Attachments
Indirect attachment to bone
Tendons
tendons bridge the gap between muscle ends and bony attachment.
Collagen fibers of endo-, peri-, and epimysium continue into the tendon
Very strong structural continuity from muscle to bone
biceps brachii, Achilles tendon
Direct (fleshy) attachment to bone
Epimysium continues as tendon merges into periosteum as perforating fibers.
muscle seems to immerge directly from bone
margins of brachialis, lateral head of triceps brachii
Attachment to dermis
some skeletal muscles do not insert on bone, but in dermis of skin
muscles of facial expressions
Muscle Origins and Insertions
Origin
Belly
Insertion
Mobile
bony attachment to mobile end of muscle
Middle
thicker, middle region of muscle between origin and insertion
bony attachment at stationary end of muscle
Stable
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