15197497
Description
Mind Map by rama ibrahim, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by rama ibrahim
almost 6 years ago
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a child with stiff neck
- anatomy of the meninges
- three layers
- dura matter
- arachnoid matter
- pia matter
- dura matter
- dural folds
- three layers
- cerebrospinal fluid
- clear, watery liquid that flows
around the brain and spinal cord,
surrounding and protecting them
- function
- Cushion the brain
- Protection
- Maintain a
stable extracellular
environment
- Elimination of
waste products and
filtration
- Nutrition
- Communication (hormones/releasing factors/ neurotransmitters)
- Cushion the brain
- 500 mL are produced each day
- composition
- Almost protein free
- High chloride concentration
- Lower concentrations
of albumin, K+,Ca2+ ,
HCO3- and glucose.
- in the choroid plexus
- Almost protein free
- CSF analysis
- clear, watery liquid that flows
around the brain and spinal cord,
surrounding and protecting them
- pathophysiology of meningitis
- invasion of subarachnoid space
- hematogenous spread
- direct contiguous spread
- iatrogenic
- cytokine production because of immune system activation
- increased permeability
- altered cerebral blood flow
- increased reactive
oxygen species
- leukocyte adherence to
capillary endothelium
- increased intracranial pressure
- increased permeability
- hematogenous spread
- invasion of subarachnoid space
- clinical presentation
- chills & rigors
- nuchal rigidity
- altered mental status
- focal neurological deficits
- seizures
- headache
- photophobia
- nausea and vomiting
- petechial rash
- in children
- bulging fontanelles
- jaundice
- reduced feeds
- irritability
- lethargy
- toxic appearance
- bulging fontanelles
- chills & rigors
- investigations
- blood culture
- CSF culture
- imaging CT/MRI
- spinal tap / lumbar puncture
- indications
- diagnostic
- therapeutic
- anesthetic
- diagnostic
- contraindications
- increased ICP
- spinal surgery
- skin infection near the site of puncture
- coagulopathy
- increased ICP
- physical examination
- kernigs sign
- Brudzinski's sign
- kernigs sign
- blood culture
- treatment
- empirical therapy
- specific therapy
- coricosteroids therapy
- empirical therapy
- complications of meningitis
- coordination balance problems
- speech movement disorders
- kidney failure
- vision loss
- sepsis
- epilepsy
- problems with memory
and concentration
- hearing loss
- coordination balance problems
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