15368356
Description
Mind Map by mariam abdelaal, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by mariam abdelaal
about 6 years ago
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Mr Ghassan
- DEMOGRAPHY
- 48 YRS heavy smoker for 20 yearS
- weight = 117kg, height=175cm
- brother died young
- mother is diabetic, father is hypertensive
- 48 YRS heavy smoker for 20 yearS
- developed painless dot sized spot
- which are known as xanothelsmata
- cholesterol deposits in subcutaneous tissue
- caused by:
- increase in blood's cholesterol level
- increase in blood's cholesterol level
- caused by:
- cholesterol deposits in subcutaneous tissue
- which are known as xanothelsmata
- diagnosed with hypertension
- which is an increase in blood pressure
- systolic > 140mmhg & diastolic > 90mmhg
- categorized by causes
- primary HT
- idiopathic
- there are some risk factors
- non-modifiable
- age
- gender
- genetics
- age
- modifiable
- smoking
- stimulate sympathetic neurons to increase vasoconstriction
- stimulate sympathetic neurons to increase vasoconstriction
- obesity
- excessive body fat percentage
- how is it assessed?
- BMI
- waist-hip ratio
- skin folds & thickness
- BMI
- how is it assessed?
- excessive body fat percentage
- stress
- alcohol
- inhibit ADH
- inhibit ADH
- smoking
- non-modifiable
- there are some risk factors
- idiopathic
- secondary HT
- due to underlying cause, ex:
- Renal artery Stenosis
- vascular malformations
- endocrine abnormalities
- neurological disorders
- Renal artery Stenosis
- due to underlying cause, ex:
- primary HT
- categorized by causes
- how is bp regulated?
- short term
- through peripheral resistance & CO
- by
- Baroreceptors
- Carotid sinus
- aortic arch
- Carotid sinus
- chemoreceptors
- peripheral
- central
- peripheral
- higher brain cells (medulla)
- Baroreceptors
- by
- through peripheral resistance & CO
- long-term
- altering blood volume through renin-angiotensin 2- aldosterone
- altering blood volume through renin-angiotensin 2- aldosterone
- through hormones
- epinephrine & NE
- cause vasoconstriction
- cause vasoconstriction
- Endothelin
- secreted by Endothelia cells and potent vasoconstrictor
- secreted by Endothelia cells and potent vasoconstrictor
- NO
- secreted by Endothelial cells & causes vasodilation
- secreted by Endothelial cells & causes vasodilation
- ADH
- promotes water retention
- promotes water retention
- ANP
- secreted by right atria, causes vasodilation
- secreted by right atria, causes vasodilation
- epinephrine & NE
- short term
- classified according to
- systolic > 140mmhg & diastolic > 90mmhg
- treatment
- if not treated, complications may arise
- hypertensive retinopathy
- retinal vascular damage
- classified as
- classified as
- retinal vascular damage
- permanent atrial narrowing
- sometimes vascular occlusion
- heaving apical pulse
- occlusion of dorsalis pedis
- hypertensive retinopathy
- pharmacological
- beta-blocker
- ACE inhibitor
- ARB
- Ca-channel blocker
- diuretics
- beta-blocker
- non-pharmacological
- diet restriction
- smoking cessation
- lose weight
- increase physical activity
- diet restriction
- if not treated, complications may arise
- how common is it in the UAE?
- 40.8% of Emirati adults aged between 35-70 yrs have hypertension
- 40.8% of Emirati adults aged between 35-70 yrs have hypertension
- investigations done
- urinalysis
- creatinine clearance
- ECG
- fasting lipid profile
- renal profile
- urinalysis
- which is an increase in blood pressure
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