null
US
Sign In
Sign Up for Free
Sign Up
We have detected that Javascript is not enabled in your browser. The dynamic nature of our site means that Javascript must be enabled to function properly. Please read our
terms and conditions
for more information.
Next up
Copy and Edit
You need to log in to complete this action!
Register for Free
1551070
Benzene reactions
Description
A level Chemistry Mind Map on Benzene reactions, created by elishamjones on 29/10/2014.
No tags specified
chemistry
a level
Mind Map by
elishamjones
, updated more than 1 year ago
More
Less
Created by
elishamjones
almost 10 years ago
28
2
0
Resource summary
Benzene reactions
Electrophilic substitution
Nitration of Benzene
Electrophile is NO₂⁺
Made by protonation of HNO₃ by conc H₂SO₄
Heated to 50℃
Makes [H₂NO₃]⁺
Decomposes into NO₂⁺ & H₂O
H₂SO₄ remade when HSO₄⁻ join H⁺ from the benzene ring
Hence is a cataylst
Dyes
Nitrobenzene reduced to Phenylamine
Annotations:
By the reduction of a NO₂ group to an NH₂ group using Fe in industry or Sn and strong HCl in a lab
Phenylamine → Azo dye
Annotations:
Phenylamine → Benzenediazonium chloride → Azo dye.
Azo dye contains 2 benzene rings connected by N=N
Explosives
Repeat nitration of methylbenzene makes TNT
Annotations:
TNT is 2,4,6 trinitromethylbenzene
Friedal-Crafts acylation
Acyl Chloride + Benzene → Ketone
Needs FeCl₂ or AlCl₃ catalyst
Lewis acids can accept a lone pair of electrons
Lone pair from Chloride on Acyl Chloride
Makes an acylium ion
This is the electrophile
Will be remade
A hydrogen is swapped for a functional group
Benzene delocalised = many electrons
Attacked by electrophiles
A species that seeks electrons
Conditions
High temp
Conc reagents
Catalysts
Cannot undergo addition of electrophiles since Benzene is stable
Media attachments
electrophilic_substitution_benzene (image/jpg)
Screen_Shot_2014-10-29_at_5.00.30_pm (image/png)
acyliumion1 (image/png)
Friedel-Crafts-acylation-mechanism (image/png)
Show full summary
Hide full summary
Want to create your own
Mind Maps
for
free
with GoConqr?
Learn more
.
Similar
Ionic Bondic Flashcards.
anjumn10
Electrolysis
lisawinkler10
Chemistry General Quiz - 2
lauren_johncock
Chemistry Quiz General -3
lauren_johncock
AS Chemistry - Enthalpy Changes
Sarah H-V
Chemical Symbols
Keera
Organic Chemistry
Ella Wolf
Acids and Bases
Sarah Egan
Using GoConqr to study science
Sarah Egan
Acids and Bases
silviaod119
Elements, Compounds and Mixtures
silviaod119
Browse Library