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1577969
Acute Inflammation & Immune Response
Description
Mind Map on Acute Inflammation & Immune Response, created by Syar Amsyar on 04/11/2014.
Mind Map by
Syar Amsyar
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
Syar Amsyar
almost 10 years ago
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Resource summary
Acute Inflammation & Immune Response
Innate Immune Response
Recruitment of immune cells
to infection sites
chemokines
cytokines
Activation of complement cascade
identify bacteria
activate cells
promote clearance
identify/remove foreign substance
Immediate
Innate Defenses
Anatomic Barriers
Physiological Barriers
Phagocytic Cells
Inflammation
Acquired Immune Response
Recognition of specific antigens
specific responses maximized
eliminate specfic
pathogens
infected cells
Development of immunological memory
Slow response (3-5 days)
Share signal molecules
Depend largely on WBC activity
4 main characteristics
Specificity
diversity
self/non-self recognition
immunologic memory
Acute
immediate response
to tissue injury
Symptoms
Rubor (redness)
Vasodilation of blood vessels
Tumor (swelling)
Increased permeability of capillaries
Clotting in interstitial spaces
migration of phagocytic cells
Calore (tissue heating)
Vasodilation
Dolore (pain)
release of kinins
from blood clotting cascade
Leukocytes
Granulocytes
Neutrophils
Extravasation
Rolling
Activation
Adhesion
Locomotion
Protusion
Transmigration
migrate to area of inflammation
penetrate endothelial layer
bind to vascular endothelium
Actions
Phagocytosis
Respiratory burst
rapid release of reactive O and N
secrete chemical mediators
cytokines
IL-8
attracts other neutrophils
MIP-1a
attracts monocytes
first to arrive
Eosinophils
respond to chemoattractants
small phagocytic capability
attach to & destroy parasites
Basophils
induced to release
heparin, histamine, bradykinin, serotonin
large role in allergic reactions
Agranulocytes
Monocytes
5-6 hrs after neutrophil arrival
tissue macrophages
maturation
swelling of cells
formation of lysosomes
in large quantities
Macrophages
Phagocytosis
engulf more than neutrophils
remain longer
Secretion of chemical mediators
IL-1
IL-6
tumor necrosis factor (TNF)
Role as antigen presenting cells (APCs)
direct connection b/w
innate
acquired
Lymphocytes
T cells
B cells
Acquired Immunity
Non -specific Chemical Defences
histamine
speeds release of agents
initiates inflammatory response
Cytokines
signalling molecules
cell communication
interleukins
involved in regulation of immune system
cell mediated immunity
inteferons
cell-signalling protein
anti-viral agents
Complement system
biochemical cascade
speeds up phagocytosis
kills bacteria via lysis
Termination
why?
physiological changes
detrimental to tissue function
how?
chemical mediators
provide system checks & balances
ensure localized effects
production of substances
limits inflammatory response
Assays
In Vitro
leukocyte assay
test cell activation
use neutrophils/ macrophages
cell adhesion & spreading
cell death
cell migration
cytokine release
cell surface marker expression
flow cytometry
Others
response of endothelial cells
testing for up-regulation
cell surface receptors
analysed using FACS/FC
model systems for tissue engineering constructs
monitor pdtn of cytokines via ELISA
Media attachments
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