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158757
Language & Thought
Description
Bachelor's Degree Psychology Mind Map on Language & Thought, created by Kev Campbell on 03/08/2013.
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psychology
psychology
bachelor's degree
Mind Map by
Kev Campbell
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Kev Campbell
over 11 years ago
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Resource summary
Language & Thought
Uniquely Human Language Festures (Aitcheson)
Semanticity
Words to represent objects & actions
Displacement
Ability to refer to other time and place
Structure Dependence
Chomsky: deep structure of language.
Pinker & Bloom: syntax may be adaptive.
Creativity
Ability to understand & produce infinite number of utterences
Language of Thought
Nativism
Comsky
Innate universal language 'syntax' of thought
Fodor
Modular
Informationally encapsulated
Non-modular
Thinking & Memory
Structure Propositions
Constraints on sequences and combinations in language also apply to thought
Innateness of Concepts
Attaching names to pre-existing concepts.
Propositional Attitude
a mental stance, such as knowing, hoping or believing.
(Assumed to have syntax)
Radical Pragmatics
Differs from nativism in that it highlights the social dimention of language.
Polysemy (meanings are fluid, contextual)
Irony: intended, rather than literal meaning.
Grice
Implacature
Sperber & Wilson
Authorship
Roles of author, reader & text are constructed.
Rimmon-Kenan
Linguistic Determanism
Sapir-Wharf hypothesis
Thought is determined by the language we speak
Challenged by Heider & Olivier
No difference in memory for colour between two languages with different number of colour terms. English, 11: Dani 2.
Spatial Cognition
Spatial layout and orientation varies between languages.
Boroditsky
Time is thought of as horizontal in English, but vertical in Manderin.
(Findings have not been replicated in other studies)
Difference in reconstruction of spatial array of objects between Dutch & Tzeltal speakers.
Challenged by Li & Gleitman who stated environment was more influential.
Colour Perception
Brown & Lenneberg found differences in colour terms in different languages affected speed in naming colours.
Theory of Mind
Propositional attitude ascriptions
Vygotsky: important in shaping social intelligence.
Wimmer & Perner: Maxi, false-belief task.
ToM lacks in autistic spectrum disorders
Wimmer & Mayringer: evidence against poor executive function as a cause.
Clements & Perner: linguistic competence possibly related to ToM
however, chimps also show aspects of ToM: Hare & Tomasello
Piaget
Constructivist view: language dependent on thought for development.
Emergent aspect of general cognition.
Supported by parallel development in other symbolic function eg. symbolic play.
Nelson challenge based on lack of linguistic impairment in blind children
Does not exclude Nativist approach, as cognitive universals drive development.
Xu challenged as object permanence does not always precede concepts and naming of objects.
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