15946215
Description
Mind Map by Marvis Igiolu, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Marvis Igiolu
over 6 years ago
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Pneumonia
- Diagnostic
Tests
- Cultures
and
sensitivities
- Chest x-ray essential
for early diagnosis
- Pulse Oximetry
- (Copstead & Banasik.2013)
- (Copstead & Banasik.2013)
- CBC, electrolyte levels
BUN and creatinine
- Cultures
and
sensitivities
- Causative
Factors
- Hospital acquired
- Infectious organism
- Bacteria, viruses, mycoplasmas,
fungi, rickettsiae, protozoa, and
helminths
- People
- Equipment and
supplies
- (Lopez, Struckey
& Mallory, 2016)
- (Lopez, Struckey
& Mallory, 2016)
- Invasive devices
- Environment
- People
- Bacteria, viruses, mycoplasmas,
fungi, rickettsiae, protozoa, and
helminths
- Noninfectious agents
- Inflammation in the interstitial
spaces, the alveoli and often
the bronchioles
- By surviving lung
defenses including
inflammation, Organisms
penetrate airway mucosa
and multiply in alveolar
spaces
- WBCs migrate to infection
causing a capillary leak,
edema and exudate
- Fluids collect in and around
alveoli and the walls thicken
reducing gas exchange
- The capillary leak spreads
infection to other areas of
the lung and if the
organisms move into the
bloodstream sepsis results
- (Lewis, Heitkemper,
Dirksen,& Bücher.2012)
- (Lewis, Heitkemper,
Dirksen,& Bücher.2012)
- Fibrin and edema of inflammation
stiffen lung reducing vital capacity
- Alveolar collapse further
reducing gas exchange
to blood causing
hypoxemia
- Park, & Kim 2015
- Park, & Kim 2015
- Alveolar collapse further
reducing gas exchange
to blood causing
hypoxemia
- The capillary leak spreads
infection to other areas of
the lung and if the
organisms move into the
bloodstream sepsis results
- Fluids collect in and around
alveoli and the walls thicken
reducing gas exchange
- WBCs migrate to infection
causing a capillary leak,
edema and exudate
- By surviving lung
defenses including
inflammation, Organisms
penetrate airway mucosa
and multiply in alveolar
spaces
- Aspiration of
fluid, food, and
vomitus
- GERD
- GERD
- Inhalation of toxic gases,
chemicals, smoke
- Inflammation in the interstitial
spaces, the alveoli and often
the bronchioles
- Infectious organism
- Community
acquired
- Hospital acquired
- Signs and Symptoms
- Flushed cheeks,
bright eyes, anxious
expression
- (Merai, Siegel, Rakotz,
Busch, Wright, Wong
& Thorpe 2016)
- (Merai, Siegel, Rakotz,
Busch, Wright, Wong
& Thorpe 2016)
- Myalgia, headache,
chills, fevers, cough,
and sputum
- Pain or discomfort in
chest or pleura
- Tachycardia,
dyspnea, tachypnea
- Crackles are heard
when assessing
breathing
- Hypoxemia
- Arterial oxygen less
than 80 mm Hg
- Arterial oxygen less
than 80 mm Hg
- Flushed cheeks,
bright eyes, anxious
expression
- Pathophysiology
- Fluid in the lungs
- Fluid in the lungs
- Treatments
- Fluid and oxygen
management
- Pulm. Toilet
- Nasal & Oral Suctioning
- Doyle-Cox, Brousseau,
Tullouch, Mielniczuk, Davies,
Sherrard, & Clark, 2016
- Doyle-Cox, Brousseau,
Tullouch, Mielniczuk, Davies,
Sherrard, & Clark, 2016
- Pulm. Toilet
- Pain control
- Anti-infective
drugs
- Maintain
patent airway
- Cough &deep
breathe every
2hrs
- Bronchodilators
help when
bronchospasm or
wheezing is present
- Albuterol
- (Copstead & Banasik.2013)
- (Copstead & Banasik.2013)
- Albuterol
- Health promotion
education for caregivers
- Hand Washing
- Hand Washing
- Fluid and oxygen
management
- Risk Factors
- Older adult
- (Lewis, Heitkemper,
Dirksen,& Bücher.2012)
- (Lewis, Heitkemper,
Dirksen,& Bücher.2012)
- Exposure to viral or
influenza infections
- Mechanical
ventilation
- Adenovirus
- Mechanical
ventilation
- Older adult
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