Colorectal Cancer

Risk factors
1. General
  1. Age, History of colorectal cancer or polyps, History of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Obesity, Type II diabetes.
2. Genetics
  1. Family history, Inherited syndromes, Racial and ethnic background
3. Lifestyle
  1. Diet Smoking Alcohol use
Epidemiology
1. 2nd most common cancer and the 2nd highest cause of cancer deaths
2. 60% of patients were MEN
3. 85% >40 years old
Screening
1. should start at age 50.
2. People with a family history of colorectal cancer or polyps will start screening at age 40
Clinical presentation
1. Suspicious signs and symptoms
2. Routine screening
3. Emergency admission
S & S
1. hematochezia
2. Melena
3. Abdominal pain
4. Unexplained iron deficiency anemia
5. Change in bowel habits
6. Abdominal distention
7. Nausea and vomiting
pathophysiology
STAGES
management
1. depends on
  1. Dukes’ Staging
    1. Stage A
      1. Surgical resection only
    2. Stage B
      1. Surgical resection, and adjuvant chemotherapy for high risk patients only
    3. Stage C
      1. Surgical resection + adjuvant chemotherapy Fluorouracil (FU) + Leucovorin (Folinic acid) for 6 months Follow-up with CEA level measured every 2 - 4 months for 3 years, and then every 6 months for 2 years.

Resource summary

	Created by noor alhammadi almost 6 years ago