16980013
Penicillin
- Fleming
- First to publish
findings on penicillin
although...
- 1870s - Sanderson observed that
very little grew near penicillin mould
- Lister successfully used
on a nurse but took it no
further
- He was first to
realise the potential
significance
- 1870s - Sanderson observed that
very little grew near penicillin mould
- Sent to work in a
hospital (WW1)
- Working to kill
staphylococcus
germ
- Mould grew
mistakenly on a germ
plate and he realised
that it had killed the
germs (1928)
- 1929 - Published a
report of his findings
- No one took
notice at the
time
- No one took
notice at the
time
- First to publish
findings on penicillin
although...
- Florey and Chain
- Became interested in
penicillin in the 1930s
- Fleming had since lost interest
- Applied to
government for
money to begin
research
- Received only £25 but
were lucky to get this
much as by 1939, WWII
had begun
- Received only £25 but
were lucky to get this
much as by 1939, WWII
had begun
- Fleming had since lost interest
- Despite the
lack of money,
they managed
to produce
enough to test
on 8 mice
- This was successful
- Needed 3000 times
more to test on a human
- This was successful
- Over some months they
collected enough penicillin
to use on one human
- The man they tested
on was a man called
Albert Alexander (1940)
- The treatment was
successful until they ran
out and he passed away
- However it was
successful as it
proved penicillin's
success
- However it was
successful as it
proved penicillin's
success
- The man they tested
on was a man called
Albert Alexander (1940)
- 1941 - US government
approached for funding to
mass produce and it was given
- 1943 - enough to treat 1000 men, by
1944 - enough to treat 40,000 cases,
at the end of the war - enough for
250,000
- Became interested in
penicillin in the 1930s
- Importance of penicillin
- 15% of
soldiers
could
have died
without it
- After the war, the antibiotic was made widely
available and saved the lives of millions
- The diseases that penicillin
treats includes bronchitis,
pneumonia and meningitis
- More antibiotics followed
including mitomycin in
1956 which is a
chemotherapy drug
- 1000s of
injured
soldiers could
return to battle
more quickly
- 15% of
soldiers
could
have died
without it
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